Title,Quote,Author,Source
Rarity of Transitional Forms,"The extreme rarity of transitional forms in the fossil record persists as the trade secret of paleontology.… 
    Paleontologists have paid an exorbitant price for Darwin's argument. We fancy ourselves as the only true students of life's history, yet to preserve our favored account of evolution by natural selection we view our data as so bad that we never see the very process we profess to study.",Professor Stephen Jay Gould,"The Panda's Thumb, 1980, pp.179-181."
Taboo Science!,"Even if all the data point to an intelligent designer, such an hypothesis is excluded from science because it is not naturalistic.",Dr Scott C. Todd,"Immunologist at Kansas State University: Correspondence to Nature 410(6752):423, 30 Sept. 1999"
Santa Comes from the North Pole,"One of the most specious analogies that cosmologists have come up with is between the origin of the Universe and the North Pole. 
    'Just as there is nothing north of the North Pole, so there was nothing before the Big Bang.' 
    Voila! We are supposed to be convinced by that, especially since it was Stephen Hawking who dreamt it up. But it will not do. The Earth did not grow from its North Pole. 
    There was not ever a disembodied point from which the material of the planet sprang. The North Pole only exists because the Earth exists-not the other way around.",Darling D,"'On creating something from nothing,' New Scientist, Vol 151, No. 2047, 14 September 1996, p.49"
In The Beginning Was The Word,"The idea of a universal mind or Logos would be, I think, a fairly plausible inference from the present state of scientific theory.",Arthur Eddington,"(Astrophysicist): Heeren, F. 1995. Show Me God. Wheeling, IL, Searchlight Publications, p. 233."
Lame!,Religion without science might be blind but science without religion is lame!,Albert Einstein,
Split Open Like A Rotten Watermelon,"A week's study of the Grand Canyon should be a good cure for Evolutionary geologists as it is a perfect example of Flood geology with its paraconformities and striking parallelisms of the under strata. 
    The whole area was obviously laid down quickly, then uplifted and then the whole sedimentary area split open like a rotten watermelon.",Albert W. Mehlert,Paleoanthropology researcher 'Diluviology & Uniformitarian Geology -- A Review'
Disturbing Uncertainties,"All the above (radiometric) methods for dating the age of the earth, its various strata, and its fossils are questionable, because the rates are likely to have fluctuated widely over earth history. 
    It is obvious that radiometric techniques may not be the absolute dating methods that they are claimed to be. 
    Age estimates on a given geological stratum by different radiometric methods are often quite different (sometimes by hundreds of millions of years). There is no absolutely reliable long-term radiological ‘clock.' 
    The uncertainties inherent in radiometric dating are disturbing to geologist and evolutionists.",W.D. Stansfield,"Ph.D., Instructor of Biology, California Polytech State University, The Science of Evolution, Macmillan, 1987."
Evolutionism's Burden,We must bear without complaining the undoubtedly bad effects of the weak surviving and propagating their kind.,Charles Darwin,"'The Descent of Man', vol. I, p. 169."
The Greatest Hoax,"Scientists who go about teaching that evolution is a fact of life are great con-men, and the story they are telling may be the GREATEST HOAX ever.",Dr. T. N. Tahmisian,"Physiologist. Atomic Energy Commission. As quoted in: Evolution and the Emperor's New Clothes, 3D Enterprises Limited, title page"
Genetic Limits,"With the inability of mutations of any type to produce new genetic information, the maintenance of the basic plan is to be expected.... 
    There are limits to biological change and these limits are set by the structure and function of the genetic machinery.",L. P. Lester Ph.D. and R. G. Bohlin Ph.D,'The Natural Limits of Biological Change' 
Fossil Record of Plants,"Much evidence can be advanced in favour of the theory of evolution – from biology, biogeography and paleontology, but I still think that to the unprejudiced, the fossil record of plants is in favour of special creation. 
     
    Can you imagine how an orchid, a duckweed, and a palm have come from the same ancestry, and have we any evidence for this assumption? The evolutionist must be prepared with an answer, but I think that most would break down before an inquisition.",E.J.H. Corner,"Prof of Botany, Cambridge University, England. Evolution in Contemporary Botanical Thought, Quadrangle Books, p. 97"
Imagination and Plaster of Paris,"Echoing the criticism made of his father's Homo habilis skulls, he added that Lucy's skull was so incomplete that most of it was 'imagination, made of plaster of paris,' thus making it impossible to draw any firm conclusion about what species she belonged to.",Richard Leakey,"(Son of Louis Leakey). Director of National Museums of Kenya, Africa. The Weekend Australian, p. 3"
Free Speach?,"In China its O.K. to criticize Darwin but not the government, while in the United States its O.K. to criticize the government, but not Darwin.",Dr. J.Y. Chen,Chinese Paleontologist
I Love Lucy!,"The evidence given above makes it overwhelmingly likely that Lucy was no more than a variety of pygmy chimpanzee, and walked the same way (awkwardly upright on occasions, but mostly quadrupedal). 
     
    The 'evidence' for the alleged transformation from ape to man is extremely unconvincing.",Albert W. Mehlert,"Former Evolutionist & paleoanthropology researcher. 'Lucy - Evolution's Solitary Claim for Ape/Man'. CRS Quarterly, Vol 22, No. 3, p. 145"
Don't Teach This in High School!,"One of the reasons I started taking this anti-evolutionary view, was ... it struck me that I had been working on this stuff for twenty years and there was not one thing I knew about it. 
    That's quite a shock to learn that one can be so misled so long. ...so for the last few weeks I've tried putting a simple question to various people and groups of people. 
    Question: 'Can you tell me anything you know about evolution, any one thing that is true?' 
    I tried that question on the geology staff at the Field Museum of Natural History and the only answer I got was silence. 
    I tried it on the members of the Evolutionary Morphology Seminar in the University of Chicago, a very prestigious body of evolutionists, and all I got there was silence for a long time and eventually one person said, 'I do know one thing – it ought not to be taught in high school'.",Dr. Colin Patterson,"Senior Palaeontologist. British Museum of Natural History, London. Keynote address at the American Museum of Natural History, New York City, November 5"
From a Frog to a Prince,Evolutionism is a fairy tale for grown-ups. This theory has helped nothing in the progress of science. It is useless.,Prof. Louis Bounoure,"President Biological Society of Strassbourg, Director of the Strassbourg Zoological Museum, Director of Research at the French National Centre of Scientific Research. The Advocate, p. 17"
Jokes of the Future,"I myself am convinced that the theory of evolution, especially the extent to which it's been applied, will be one of the great jokes in the history books of the future. 
    Posterity will marvel that so very flimsy and dubious an hypothesis could be accepted with the incredible credulity that it has.",Malcolm Muggeridge,"Well-known Journalist and philosopher. Pascal Lectures, University of Waterloo "
Women In Evolution,"The chief distinction in the intellectual powers of the two sexes is shown by man attaining to a higher eminence - in whatever he takes up - than woman can attain-whether requiring deep thought, reason, or imagination, or merely the use of the senses and hands.",Charles Darwin,"'The Descent of Man', vol. II, p. 327.)"
Intergalactic Pizza,"Forget bubbles, comets or ocean vents. Scientists should be looking at pizza for the answer. I can remember when my college roommates and I routinely created life every week in our refrigerator. 
    My theory is that around 4.5 billion years ago, the earth was bombarded by intergalactic pizzas. These then provided the ideal breeding ground in which early organisms could thrive and later evolve.",Mark D. Greene,"'How Life Began,' Time, 142:8, November 1, 1993"
What's under YOUR Hat?,"Don't let the cosmologists try to kid you on this one. They have not got a clue either–despite the fact that they are doing a pretty good job of convincing themselves and others that this is really not a problem. 
     
    'In the beginning,' they will say, 'there was nothing–no time, space, matter or energy. Then there was a quantum fluctuation from which...' 
     
    Whoa! Stop right there. You see what I mean? First there is nothing, then there is something. And the cosmologists try to bridge the two with a quantum flutter, a tremor of uncertainty that sparks it all off. 
     
    Then they are off and away and before you know it, they have pulled a hundred billion galaxies out of their quantum hats.",Dr. D. Darling,"'On creating something from nothing,' New Scientist, Vol 151, No. 2047, 14 September 1996, p.49"
Light A Candle,"...as I became exposed to the law and order of the universe, I was literally humbled by its unerring perfection. I became convinced that there must be a divine intent behind it all... My experiences with science led me to God. 
    They challenge science to prove the existence of God. But must we really light a candle to see the sun?",Dr. Wernher von Braun.,
Chief Frustration,"Indeed, it is the chief frustration of the fossil record that we do not have empirical evidence for sustained trends in the evolution of most complex morphological adaptations.",Stephen J. Gould and Niles Eldredge,"'Species Selection: Its Range and Power,' 1988, p. 19"
A Major Problem,"A major problem in proving the theory (of evolution) has been the fossil record; the imprints of vanished species preserved in the Earth's geological formations. 
    This record has never revealed traces of Darwin's hypothetical intermediate variants. Instead, species appear and disappear abruptly, and this anomaly has fueled the creationist argument that each species was created by God.",Mark Czarnecki,"'The Revival of the Creationist Crusade', MacLean's, January 19, 1981, p. 56"
Conclusion,"It should now be clear where the follies of evolutionary views lie. If someone presents a model for explaining the origin of life, but he cannot say where the creative information characteristic of all life forms came from, then the crucial question remains unanswered. 
    Somebody who looks for the origin of information only in physical matter, ignores the fundamental natural laws about information; what is more, he scorns them. 
    It is clear from the history of science that one can ignore the laws of nature for a limited time only.",Dr. Werner Gitt,"Director and professor at the German Federal Institute of Physics and Technology (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig); Head of the Department of Information Technology. 'In The Beginning Was Information' (Emphasis in original) "
Chemistry Professors Are Unstable,"The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that all energy systems run down like a clock and never rewind themselves. But life not only 'runs up,' converting low energy sea-water, sunlight and air into high-energy chemicals, it keeps multiplying itself into more and better clocks that keep 'running up' faster and faster. 
    Why, for example, should a group of simple, stable compounds of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen struggle for billions of years to organize themselves into a professor of chemistry? What's the motive? 
    If we leave a chemistry professor out on a rock in the sun long enough the forces of nature will convert him into simple compounds of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, and small amounts of other minerals. It's a one-way reaction. No matter what kind of chemistry professor we use and no matter what process we use we can't turn these compounds back into a chemistry professor. 
    Chemistry professors are unstable mixtures of predominantly unstable compounds which, in the exclusive presence of the sun's heat, decay irreversibly into simpler organic and inorganic compounds. That's a scientific fact. 
    The question is: Then why does nature reverse this process? What on earth causes the inorganic compounds to go the other way? It isn't the sun's energy. We just saw what the sun's energy did. It has to be something else. What is it?",Robert M. Pirsig,"'Lila: An Inquiry Into Morals,' Bantam: London, 1991, pp.144-145. "
Universal Phenomenon,"This regular absence of transitional forms is not confined to mammals, but is an almost universal phenomenon, as has long been noted by paleontologists.",G. G. Simpson,"Temp. and Mode of Evolution (N.Y.: Columbia Univ., 1944), p. 106"
The Greatest Mathematician,We know that nature is described by the best of all possible mathematics because God created it.,Alexander Polyakov,"Soviet mathematician. Gannes, S. October 13, 1986. Fortune. p. 57"
Against All Odds,"I could prove God statistically; take the human body alone; the chance that all the functions of the individual would just happen, is a statistical monstrosity.",George Gallup,Famous statistician
Black Matter and Silly Putty,"Take black matter, for example. As fate would have it, the most recent and popular theories in physics just don't work. It's not as if there are some loose threads around the edges; the theories don't work at all. If they did, the universe would instantaneously fall in on itself or fly apart. Now those of us who are not astrophysicists would probably do something like discard the theories. Not astrophysicists. They readjust the uncooperative universe to fit their theories, postulating a gigantic quantity of invisible gravity-producing stuff they call black matter, even though it's not black and maybe not even matter. And there you are. Just like that, the modern, popular theories are back in business. 
     
    I can imagine that readers new to physics and its way of doing things might be skeptical, but those of us who are higher up in the world of science feel nothing but anticipation in all this theorizing. It could, after all, be a step toward a newer and even sillier putty.",Roger L. Welsch,"'Astrophys Ed', Natural History, February 1994, p. 25"
Beautiful Family Tree,"The family tree of the horse is beautiful and continuous only in the textbooks. 
     
    The construction of the whole Cenozoic family tree of the horse is therefore a very artificial one, since it is put together from non-equivalent parts.",Prof N. Heribert Nilsson,"Lund University, Sweden. Famous botanist and evolutionist Synthetische Artbildung. Verlag CWE Gleerup Press"
Scientific Arguments for Racism,"Biological arguments for racism may have been common before 1859, but they increased by orders of magnitude following the acceptance of evolutionary theory.",Stephen Jay Gould,"'Ontogeny and Phylogeny', Belknap-Harvard Press, pp. 27-128 "
A Pseudo-metaphysical Hypothesis,"I am opposed to Darwinism, or better said, to the transformist hypothesis as such, no matter what one takes to be the mechanism or cause (even perhaps teleological or theistic) of the postulated macroevolutionary leaps. I am convinced, moreover, that Darwinism (in whatever form) is not in fact a scientific theory, but a pseudo-metaphysical hypothesis decked out in scientific garb. 
    In reality the theory derives its support not from empirical data or logical deductions of a scientific kind but from the circumstance that it happens to be the only doctrine of biological origins that can be conceived within the constricted Weltanschauung to which a majority of scientists no doubt subscribe.",Wolfgang Smith,"Professor of Mathematics, Oregon State University, 'The Universe Is Ultimately to Be Explained in Terms of a Metacosmic Reality,' in Margenau H. & Varghese R.A., ed., 'Cosmos, Bios, Theos: Scientists Reflect on Science, God, and the Origins of the Universe Life, and Homo sapiens,' [1992], Open Court: La Salle Ill., 1993, Second Printing, pp.113-114"
I Give Up!,"If living matter is not, then, caused by the interplay of atoms, natural forces and radiation, how has it come into being? 
    There is another theory, now quite out of favor, which is based upon the ideas of Lamarck: that if an organism needs an improvement it will develop it, and transmit it to its progeny. 
    I think, however, that we must go further than this and admit that the only acceptable explanation is creation. 
    I know this is an anathema to physicists, as indeed it is to me, but we must not reject a theory that we do not like if the experimental evidence supports it.",Dr. H. S. Lipson,"F.R.S. Professor of Physics, University of Manchester, UK, 'A physicist looks at evolution', Physics Bulletin, 1980, vol 31, p. 138"
The Game of Science,"Science, fundamentally, is a game. It is a game with one overriding and defining rule. 
    Rule No. 1: Let us see how far and to what extent we can explain the behaviour of the physical and material universe in terms of purely physical and materical causes, without invoking the supernatural.",Richard E. Dickerson,"Authority on chemical evolution. 'The Game of Science, Perspectives on Science and Faith' 44:137, June 1992."
Missing Missing Links,"The gaps are gone, but the links remain — missing.",Douglas Dewar,"'Transformist Illusion', Perennial Books Ltd; Reprint edition (June 1995) "
Our Arch-Enemies,"But what if the vast majority of scientists all have faith in the one unverified idea? The modern 'standard' scientific version of the origin of life on earth is one such idea, and we would be wise to check its real merit with great care. 
    Has the cold blade of reason been applied with sufficient vigour in this case? Most scientists want to believe that life could have emerged spontaneously from the primeval waters, because it would confirm their belief in the explicability of Nature the belief that all could be explained in terms of particles and energy and forces if only we had the time and the necessary intellect. 
    They also want to believe because their arch opponents - religious fundamentalists such as creationists - do not believe in life's spontaneous origin. 
    It is this combative atmosphere which sometimes encourages scientists writing and speaking about the origin of life to become as dogmatic and bigoted as the creationist opponents they so despise.",A. Scott,"'The Creation of Life: Past, Future, Alien', Basil Blackwell: Oxford UK, 1986, p.111-112"
An Object Of Religious Devotion,"The concept of organic evolution is very highly prized by biologists, for many of whom it is an object of genuinely religious devotion, because they regard it as a supreme integrative principle. 
    This is probably the reason why severe methodological criticism employed in other departments of biology has not yet been brought to bear on evolutionary speculation.",Edwin G.Conklin,"Professor of Biology , Princeton University, USA"
Fatal To The Theory,"If numerous species, belonging to the same genera or families, have really started into life all at once, the fact would be fatal to the theory of descent with slow modification through natural selection.",Charles Darwin,"''The Origin of Species: The Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life' A Facsimile of the First Edition, Harvard University Press, 1964, p. 302."
Omnipotent Chance,"The irony is devastating. The main purpose of Darwinism was to drive every last trace of an incredible God from biology. 
    But the theory replaces God with an even more incredible deity—omnipotent chance.",T. Rosazak,"Unfinished Animal (1975), pp. 101-102."
Impossible Today—but not Yesterday,"With the failure of these many efforts [to explain the origin of life] science was left in the somewhat embarrassing position of having to postulate theories of living origins which it could not demonstrate. 
     
    After having chided the theologian for his reliance on myth and miracle, science found itself in the unenviable position of having to create a mythology of its own: namely, the assumption that what, after long effort could not be proved to take place today, had, in truth, taken place in the primeval past.",Loren C. Eiseley,"Ph.D. Anthropology. 'The Immense Journey'. Random House, NY, p. 199"
A Dying Theory,"I well remember how the synthetic theory beguiled me with its unifying power when I was a graduate student in the mid-1960's. Since then I have been watching it slowly unravel as a universal description of evolution. 
    The molecular assault came first, followed quickly by renewed attention to unorthodox theories of speciation and by challenges at the level of macroevolution itself. I have been reluctant to admit it-since beguiling is often forever-but if Mayr's characterization of the synthetic theory is accurate, then that theory, as a general proposition, is effectively dead, despite its persistence as textbook orthodoxy.",Stephen Jay Gould,"Professor of Zoology and Geology, Harvard University, USA, 'Is a new and general theory of evolution emerging?,' Paleobiology, Vol. 6, No. 1, January 1980, pp.119-130, p.120)."
Physics a lot like income tax calculating?,"At any rate, almost everything in Hawking's book is based on his fertile imagination and logical speculation, with almost no visible evidence or proof. 
     
    This appears to differentiate his work from fiction, which is almost always based on obvious, demonstrable fact. In another way, however, physics is a lot like fiction or income tax calculating, in that when there is a conflict between the world and an intellectual construct, the author adjusts the world to fit an imagined plot.",Roger L. Welsch,"'Astrophys Ed', Natural History, February 1994, pp. 24, 25"
Real Deficiencies,"My attempts to demonstrate evolution by an experiment carried on for more than 40 years have completely failed. ... The fossil material is now so complete that it has been possible to construct new classes, and the lack of transitional series cannot be explained as being due to the scarcity of material. 
     
    The deficiencies are real, they will never be filled.",Prof N. Heribert Nilsson,"Botanist and evolutionist, Lund University, Sweden"
Defective Premises,"Thus all Darwin's premises are defective: there is no unlimited population growth in natural populations, no competition between individuals, and no new species producible by selecting for varietal differences. 
    And if Darwin's premises are faulty, then his conclusion does not follow. This, of itself, does not mean that natural selection is false. It simply means that we cannot use Darwin's argument brilliant though it was, to establish natural selection as a means of explaining the origin of species.",Robert Augros & George Stanciu,"'The New Biology: Discovering the Wisdom in Nature', New Science Library, Shambhala: Boston, MA, 1987, p.160)."
How Much Luck Do You Need?,"In our theory of how we came to exist, we are allowed to postulate a certain ration of luck. This ration has, as its upper limit, the number of eligible planets in the universe. Given our ration of luck, we can then 'spend' it as a limited commodity over the course of our explanation of our own existence. 
     
    If we use up almost all our ration of luck in our theory of how life gets started on a planet in the first place, then we are allowed to postulate very little more luck in subsequent parts of our theory, in, say, the cumulative evolution of brains and intelligence. If we don't use up all our ration of luck in our theory of the origin of life, we have some left over to spend on our theories of subsequent evolution, after cumulative selection has got going. 
     
    If we want to use up most of our ration of luck in our theory of the origin of intelligence, then we haven't much left over to spend on our theory of the origin of life: we must come up with a theory that makes the origin of life almost inevitable. 
     
    Alternatively, if we don't need our whole luck ration for these two stages of our theory, we can, in effect, use the surplus to postulate life elsewhere in the universe.",Richard Dawkins,"'The Blind Watchmaker', New York: WW Norton (c1987) p. 146 -The 'ration of luck' we are asked to give him is 1 in 100 billion billion (TBW p. 144). Don't go to Vegas with Dawkins!"
If The Right Genes Come Along...,"From different kinds of eyes in contemporary animals, one may guess how the organ evolved. Many primitive animals even a few protists, have light-sensitive spots. In some flatworms (planaria) the pigmented spot becomes a cavity; if the opening is narrowed, it can form a crude image. Covering it with transparent skin could lead to the making of a lens, and so forth. 
    Darwin, troubled by the perfection of the eye, pointed out such gradations (C. Darwin 1964,186-190), yet the existence of viable stages on the way does not explain how it was possible that many very unlikely genes came along in the right order to direct all the details, while at the same time an immensely larger number of continually occurring deleterious mutations were continually being eliminated.",Robert G. Wesson,"Professor of Political Science, USA, 'Beyond Natural Selection,' [1991], MIT Press: Cambridge MA, 1994, reprint, p.62)"
Cosmic Jigsaw Puzzle,"Ironically it is this apparent strength of the theory-that it can explain so much-which may be its Achilles' heel. Neo-Darwinism is incredibly ambitious; it attempts to explain a vast part of reality, all the subtlety and complexity of nature, in one breath. 
    But do all the individual pieces of this cosmic jigsaw puzzle actually fit together? It is all very well to half close your eyes and imagine you see a coherent picture, but what is it like in close-up?",B. Leith,"'The Descent of Darwin: A Handbook of Doubts about Darwinism,' Collins: London, 1982, p.20"
So Little Evidence,The main problem with such phyletic gradualism is that the fossil record provides so little evidence for it. Very rarely can we trace the gradual transformation of one entire species into another through a finely graded sequence of intermediary forms.,"S. J. Gould, S. E. Luria & S. Singer","'A View of Life', 1981, p. 641"
Increasing Doubts,"The over-riding supremacy of the myth [of evolution] has created a widespread illusion that the theory of evolution was all but proved one hundred years ago and that all subsequent biological research—paleontological, zoological and in the newer branches of genetics and molecular biology—has provided ever-increasing evidence for Darwinian ideas. Nothing could be further from the truth. 
    The fact is that the evidence was so patchy one hundred years ago that even Darwin himself had increasing doubts as to the validity of his views, and the only aspect of his theory which has received any support over the past century is where it applies to microevolutionary phenomena. 
    His general theory, that all life on earth had originated and evolved by a gradual successive accumulation of fortuitous mutations, is still, as it was in Darwin's time, a highly speculative hypothesis entirely without direct factual support and very far from that self-evident axiom some of its more aggressive advocates would have us believe.",Michael Denton,"Evolution: A Theory in Crisis (1986), p. 77 "
Difficult To Understand,I find it as difficult to understand a scientist who does not acknowledge the presence of a superior rationality behind the existence of the universe as it is to comprehend a theologian who would deny the advances of science.,Wernher von Braun,"Pioneer rocket engineer. 'Ancient Tales and Space-Age Myths of Creationist Evangelism.' T. McIver, 1986. The Skeptical Inquirer 10:258-276."
Old Mammoth in New Dirt,"The hair on the Chekurovka mammoth was found to have a carbon-14 age of 26,000 years but the peaty soil in which is was preserved was found to have a carbon-14 dating of only 5,600 years.",Radiocarbon Journal,"Vol. 8, 1966."
Faith Revisited,"Faith is the substance of fossils hoped for, the evidence of links unseen.",Arnold Lunn,"'The Flight from Reason' (Eyre and Spottiswoode, London, 1931"
Addiction To Unverifiable Speculation,"A long-enduring and regrettable effect of the success of the Origin was the addiction of biologists to unverifiable speculation. 
    'Explanations' of the origin of structures, instincts, and mental aptitudes of all kinds, in terms of Darwinian principles, marked with the Darwinian plausibility but hopelessly unverifiable, poured out from every research centre. 
    The speculations on the origin and significance of the resemblances between animals, or between animals and their environment and of the striking colour patterns they often exhibit, constitute one of the best-known examples.",W. R. Thompson,"Entomologist and Director of the Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Ottawa, Canada"
Not Primarily Responsible,"If one spends enough time around the Santa Fe Institute, it is not uncommon to find biologists who consider strict Darwinism in much the same light as many psychologists consider strict Freudianism: less a science than an ideology. 
    At a conference on laws of complexity sponsored by the institute in the summer of 1992, a British biologist named Brian Goodwin flatly declared that natural selection is not primarily responsible for the order we see in the biological world.",Johnson G,"'Fire in the Mind: Science, Faith, and the Search for Order,' [1995], Penguin Books: London, 1997, p.265)"
The Disappointing Gulf,"Instead of revealing a multitude of transitional forms through which the evolution of the cell might have occurred, molecular biology has served only to emphasize the enormity of the gap. We now know not only of the existence of a break between the living and non-living world, but also that it represents the most dramatic and fundamental of all the discontinuities of nature. Between a living cell and the most highly ordered non-biological system, such as a crystal or a snowflake, there is a chasm as vast and absolute as it is possible to conceive.... 
     
    Molecular biology has also shown that the basic design of the cell system is essentially the same in all living systems on earth from bacteria to mammals. In all organisms the roles of DNA, mRNA and protein are identical. The meaning of the genetic code is also virtually identical in all cells. The size, structure and component design of the protein synthetic machinery is practically the same in all cells. 
     
    In terms of the basic biochemical design, therefore no living system can be thought of as being primitive or ancestral with respect to any other system, nor is there the slightest empirical hint of an evolutionary sequence among all the incredibly diverse cells on earth. For those who hoped that molecular biology might bridge the gulf between chemistry and biochemistry, the revelation was profoundly disappointing.","Dr. Denton, Ph.D (Molecular Biology)","An evolutionist currently doing biological research in Sydney, Australia"
From Whence Intelligence?,"When we consider a human work, we believe we know where the `intelligence' which fashioned it comes from; but when a living being is concerned, no one knows or ever knew, neither Darwin nor Epicurus, neither Leibniz nor Aristotle, neither Einstein nor Parmenides. 
    An act of faith is necessary to make us adopt one hypothesis rather than another. Science, which does not accept any credo, or in any case should not, acknowledges its ignorance, its inability to solve this problem which, we are certain, exists and has reality. 
    If to determine the origin of information in a computer is not a false problem, why should the search for the information contained in cellular nuclei be one?",Pierre-P. Grasse,"Editor of the 28-volume 'Traite de Zoologie,' former Chair of Evolution, Sorbonne University and ex-president of the French Academie des Sciences], 'Evolution of Living Organisms: Evidence for a New Theory of Transformation,' Academic Press: New York NY, 1977, p."
Not One Competing Theory,"More recent scientific insights indicate that neo-Darwinism is at best a partial explanation of how biological evolution occurs. 
    The demise of Darwinian theory as a full explanation in no way alters the firm consensus of science that the universe has evolved. 
    There is at the moment not one competing theory which can account for the observed facts.",Barry Price,"Former Director, School Physics Project, Australian Academy of Science, 'The Creation Science Controversy,' Millennium Books: Sydney, 1990, p8. Italics in original) "
What Science Affirms,"I cannot admit that, with regard to the origin of life, science neither affirms nor denies Creative Power. Science positively affirms Creative Power. 
    It is not in dead matter that we live and move and have our being, but in the creating and directing Power which science compels us to accept as an article of belief.",Lord Kelvin,Father of Thermodynamics and modern Physics.
Essential Conditions,So many essential conditions are necessary for life to exist on our earth that it is mathematically impossible that all of them could exist in proper relationship by chance on any one earth at one time.,Dr. A. Cressy Morrison,Past president of the New York Academy of Sciences
Skill In Opticks,"How came the Bodies of Animals to be contrived with so much Art, and for what ends were their several parts? Was the Eye contrived without Skill in Opticks, and the Ear without Knowledge of Sounds? 
    And these things being rightly dispatched, does it not appear from Phaenomena that there is a Being incorporeal, living, intelligent omnipresent.",Sir Isaac Newton,"'Opticks', 369-370 (Dover Publications 1952)"
Birds Arisen From The Muck,"There is a vast weight of empirical evidence about the universe which says that unless you invoke supernatural causes, the birds could not have arisen from muck by any natural processes. 
    Well, if the birds couldn't have arisen from muck by any natural processes, then they had to arise from non-birds. The only alternative is to say that they did arise from muck because God's finger went out and touched that muck. 
    That is to say, there was a non-natural process. And that's really where the action is. 
    Either you think that complex organisms arose by non-natural phenomena, or you think that they arose by natural phenomena. If they arose by natural phenomena, they had to evolve. And that's all there is to it.",Richard C. Lewontin,"Professor of Zoology and Biology, Harvard University, in Bethell, Tom, 'Agnostic Evolutionists,' in 'The Electric Windmill: An Inadvertent Autobiography,' Regnery Gateway: Washington DC, 1988, pp.205-206). "
The Rose Is An Extra,"There is nothing in which deduction is so necessary as religion. It can be built up as an exact science by the reasoner. 
    Our highest assurance of the goodness of Providence seems to me to rest in the flowers. All other things, our powers, our desires, our food, are really necessary for our existence in the first instance. 
    But this rose is an extra. Its smell and its colour are an embellishment of life, not a condition of it. It is only goodness which gives extras, and so I say again that we have much to hope from the flowers.",Sherlock Holmes,"'The Adventure of the Naval Treaty', Arthur Conan Doyle in Strand Magazine, 1893"
Curious,The curious thing is that there is a consistency about the fossil gaps — the fossils are missing in all the important places.,Francis Hitching,"The Neck of the Giraffe or Where Darwin Went Wrong, Penguin Books, 1982, p.19 "
It's All Relative,"It cannot be denied that from a strictly philosophical standpoint, geologist are here arguing in a circle. 
    The succession of organisms has been determined by the study of their remains imbedded in the rocks, and the relative ages of the rocks are determined by the remains of organisms they contain.",R.H. Rastall,"Lecturer in Economic Geology Cambridge University, Encyclopedia Britannica, 1956, vol 10, p 168 "
Only In Textbooks,"The family tree of the horse is beautiful and continuous only in the textbooks. The construction of the whole Cenozoic family tree of the horse is therefore a very artificial one, since it is put together from non-equivalent parts.",Prof N. Heribert Nilsson,"Lund University, Sweden, Famous botanist and evolutionist, Synthetische Artbildung, Verlag CWE Gleerup Press "
Based In Nothing,"Whatever ideas authorities may have on the subject, the lungfishes, like every other major group of fishes that I know, have their origins firmly based in nothing.",W. R. Bird,"'The Origin of Species Revisited' Nashville: Regency, 1991; originally published by Philosophical Library, 1987, 1:62-63)"
No Evolutionary Novelties,"Paleontologists had long been aware of a seeming contradiction between Darwin's postulate of gradualism...and the actual findings of paleontology. 
    Following phyletic lines through time seemed to reveal only minimal gradual changes but no clear evidence for any change of a species into a different genus or for the gradual origin of an evolutionary novelty. 
    Anything truly novel always seemed to appear quite abruptly in the fossil record.",E. Mayr,"'Our Long Argument: Charles Darwin and the Genesis of Modern Evolutionary Thought', 1991, p. 138"
Made To Order,"We are, by astronomical standards, a pampered, cosseted, cherished group of creatures. 
    If the Universe had not been made with the most exacting precision we could never have come into existence. 
    It is my view that these circumstances indicate the universe was created for man to live in.",John O'Keefe,"Astronomer at NASA. 'Show Me God'. Heeren, F. 1995. Wheeling, IL, Searchlight Publications, p. 200."
Designed Laws,The laws [of physics] ... seem to be the product of exceedingly ingenious design... The universe must have a purpose.,Paul Davies,"'Superforce: The Search for a Grand Unified Theory of Nature' (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1984), p. 243."
No Middle Ground,"In other words, it's Natural Selection or a Creator. There is no middle ground. 
    This is why prominent Darwinists like G. G. Simpson and Stephen Jay Gould, who are not secretive about their hostility to religion, cling so vehemently to natural selection. 
    To do otherwise would be to admit the probability that there is design in nature—and hence a Designer.",G. S. Johnston,"The Genesis Controversy, Crisis, p. 17, May 1989"
Opposite Conclusions,"For I am well aware that scarcely a single point is discussed in this volume on which facts can be adduced, often apparently leading to conclusions directly opposite to those at which I have arrived. 
    A fair result can be obtained only by fully stating and balancing the facts and arguments on both sides of each question; and this is here impossible.",Charles Darwin,"1859, Introduction to 'Origin of Species: The Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life', p. 2."
A Simple Experiment,"If there were a basic principle of matter which somehow drove organic systems toward life, its existence should easily be demonstrable in the laboratory. One could, for instance, take a swimming bath to represent the primordial soup. Fill it with any chemicals of a non-biological nature you please. Pump any gases over it, or through it, you please, and shine any kind of radiation on it that takes your fancy. 
     
    Let the experiment proceed for a year and see how many of those 2,000 enzymes [proteins produced by living cells] have appeared in the bath. I will give the answer, and so save the time and trouble and expense of actually doing the experiment. You would find nothing at all, except possibly for a tarry sludge composed of amino acids and other simple organic chemicals. 
     
    How can I be so confident of this statement? Well, if it were otherwise, the experiment would long since have been done and would be well-known and famous throughout the world. The cost of it would be trivial compared to the cost of landing a man on the Moon.......In short there is not a shred of objective evidence to support the hypothesis that life began in an organic soup here on the Earth.",Sir Fred Hoyle,"British physicist and astronomer, The Intelligent Universe, Michael Joseph, London, pp. 20-21, 23."
Intellectual Entropy,"Evolution is Aristotle's theory of spontaneous generation, exhumed from a moldering grave, dressed in technospeak and hungry for followers. Indeed, because we should know better by now, 'evolution as creator' can be considered to be a degraded version of Aristotle's concept: gloriously magnified with the assiduous assistance of a vast herd of independent minds. 
    The theory could be considered proof of the power of intellectual entropy: Spontaneous Devolution.",Michael C. Rudasill,From an essay posted at literarylights.com
Deceiving the Youth,"The theories of evolution, with which our studious youth have been deceived, constitute actually a dogma that all the world continues to teach: but each, in his specialty, the zoologist or the botanist, ascertains that none of the explanations furnished is adequate.....it results from this summary, that the theory of evolution, is impossible.",P.Lemonie,"President: Geological Society of France, Editor: Encyclopedie Francaise, Director: Natural History Museum in Paris. 'Introduction: De L' Evolution?' Encyclopedie Francaise, Vol. 5 (1937), p. 6."
Big Bang Faith,"Big bang cosmology is probably as widely believed as has been any theory of the universe in the history of Western civilization. 
    It rests, however, on many untested, and in some cases untestable, assumptions. Indeed, big bang cosmology has become a bandwagon of thought that reflects faith as much as objective truth.",G. Burbidge,"1992. Why only one big bang? Scientific American, 266(2):96"
Beyond The Bounds Of True Science,I am quite conscious that my speculations run quite beyond the bounds of true science.,Charles Darwin,"In a letter to Asa Gray, a Harvard professor of biology. Quoted in N.C. Gillespie, 'Charles Darwin and the Problem of Creation' (1979), p. 2 [University of Chicago book]"
Evolutionary Dogma,"Our theory of evolution has become one which cannot be refuted by any possible observations. Every conceivable observation can be fitted into it. No one can think of ways in which to test it. 
    Ideas either without basis or based on a few laboratory experiments carried out in extremely simplified systems, have attained currency far beyond their validity. 
    They have become part of an evolutionary dogma accepted by most of us as part of our training.",L.C. Birch and P. Ehrlich,"Nature, April 22, 1967"
Code of Silence,"The scientific establishment's acceptance of worldwide catastrophism and mass extinction does not signify their abandonment of materialistic evolution. 
     
    Neither has their grudging acquiescence to the fact that great catastrophes caused the deposition of many of the fossils forced them to consider that virtually no fossils are in the process of forming on the bottom of any lake or sea today. This is a verboten subject. When I asked the editors of several of the most prestigious scientific journals the reasons for this silence, I was met with more silence.",Luther D. Sunderland,'Mass Extinction & Catastrophism Replace Darwinism & Uniformitarianism'
Proability Zero,"To improve a living organism by random mutation is like saying you could improve a Swiss watch by dropping it and bending one of its wheels or axis. 
    Improving life by random mutations has the probability of zero.",Albert Szent-Gyorgi,"Nobel Laureate (Medicine, 1937)."
How Many Toes?,"Every feature of horse evolution tells a comparably complex story if this is examined in detail and in all the divergent lines of the horse family. 
     
    The feet, to supplement the example here, hardly evolved at all in the Eocene, then evolved rapidly to a basic three-toed Oligocene type which remained nearly static in some later lines, in others evolved gradually to different three-toed types mechanically sounder for larger animals, and in one line only finally evolved rapidly in one phase to a one-toed type. 
     
    This, again, did not really continue the usual trend among the three-toed types but was a new evolutionary direction for them. 
     
    In the particular lineage from eohippus to Equus, general foot mechanics became first more complex, then simpler. The number of toes did not change at even pace from four (in the forefoot) to one, but changed in two spurts, first from four to three, then much later from three to one, each rapid transition followed by slower mechanical adjustment to the new sort of foot and to changes in the weights of the animals.",George G. Simpson,"'The Meaning of Evolution: A Study of the History of Life and of its Significance for Man,' [1949], Yale University Press: New Haven CT, 1960, reprint, pp.133,135)"
Experimental Observations Only,"Some lame defenders of evolutionism claim that one needs a degree in biology to refute the origins of life by chance. 
    All evolutionists need to do is demonstrate how life can naturally come from non-life. But only experimental observations please. Leave your imaginations and dreams at the door.",Patrick D. McGuire,From an amazon.com review of 'Not by Chance: Shattering the Modern Theory of Evolution' by Lee M. Spetner
Paleobabble,"Paleontologists have tried to turn Archaeopteryx into an earth-bound, feathered dinosaur. But it's not. It is a bird, a perching bird. And no amount of ‘paleobabble’ is going to change that.",Dr. J. Alan Feduccia,"Prof. Avian Evolution and world authority on birds at the University of North Carolina. Archaeopteryx: Early Bird Catches a Can of Worms by V. Morell, Science 259(5096):764–65, 5 February 1993."
Cosmological Proof,"Here is the cosmological proof of the existence of God – the design argument of Paley – updated and refurbished. The fine tuning of the universe provides prima facie evidence of deistic design. Take your choice: blind chance that requires multitudes of universes or design that requires only one.... Many scientists, when they admit their views, incline toward the teleological or design argument.",Ed Harrison,"(Cosmologist): Harrison, E. 1985. Masks of the Universe. New York, Collier Books, Macmillan, pp. 252, 263"
Stumbled Upon Scientific Proof?,"As we survey all the evidence, the thought insistently arises that some supernatural agency - or, rather, Agency - must be involved. 
    Is it possible that suddenly, without intending to, we have stumbled upon scientific proof of the existence of a Supreme Being? Was it God who stepped in and so providentially crafted the cosmos for our benefit?",George Greenstein,"Astronomer, 'The Symbiotic Universe' 1988 New York: William Morrow, p.27."
Immune from Contradiction,"Today, a hundred and twenty-eight years after it was first promulgated, the Darwinian theory of evolution stands under attack as never before. ... 
    The fact is that in recent times there has been increasing dissent on the issue within academic and professional ranks, and that a growing number of respectable scientists are defecting from the evolutionist camp. 
    It is interesting, moreover, that for the most part these 'experts' have abandoned Darwinism, not on the basis of religious faith or biblical persuasions, but on strictly scientific grounds, and in some instances regretfully, as one could say. 
    We are told dogmatically that Evolution is an established fact; but we are never told who has established it, and by what means. We are told, often enough, that the doctrine is founded upon evidence, and that indeed this evidence 'is henceforward above all verification, as well as being immune from any subsequent contradiction by experience'; but we are left entirely in the dark on the crucial question wherein, precisely, this evidence consists.",Wolfgang Smith,"Mathematician and Physicist. Prof. of Mathematics, Oregon State University. Former math instructor at MIT. Teilhardism and the New Religion: A Thorough Analysis of the Teachings of de Chardin. Tan Books & Publishers, pp. 1-2"
Natural Selection: Strictly Local,"If deterministic constraints exist, then certain regularities or trends in the large scale pattern of evolution should be evident. Yet very few studies have addressed this problem. 
    One main reason is that natural selection is strictly a local mechanism and hence inherently unable to account for any global trend or pattern. Another reason is that evolutionary pattern itself is the product of inference from available data. 
    Where inference is habitually made under certain presumptions, the resulting pattern becomes correspondingly biased. A case in point is the phylogenetic classification of organisms.",Mae-Wan Ho and Peter T. Saunders,"Biologist, The Open University, UK & Mathematician, University of London (respectively). Eds., 'Beyond Neo-Darwinism: An Introduction to the New Evolutionary Paradigm,' Academic Press: London, 1984, p.7)."
We Know Better!,"We have proffered a collective tacit acceptance of the story of gradual adaptive change, a story that strengthened and became even more entrenched as the synthesis took hold. 
    We paleontologists have said that the history of life supports that interpretation, all the while really knowing that it does not.",Niles Eldredge,"Chairman and Curator of Invertebrates, American Museum of Natural History, 'Time Frames: The Rethinking of Darwinian Evolution and the Theory of Punctuated Equilibria,' Simon & Schuster: New York NY, 1985, p144)"
Futile,"It is futile to pretend to the public that we understand how an amoeba evolved into a man, when we cannot tell our students how a human egg produces a skin cell or a brain cell!",Dr Jerome J. Lejeune,"Discoverer of the cause of Down's syndrome, Institute de Progenese (Paris), former Professor of Fundamental Cytogenetics. "
Big Bang IQ,"I think that if it had been a religion that first maintained the notion that all the matter in the entire universe had once been contained in an area smaller than the point of a pin, scientists probably would have laughed at the idea.",Marillyn vos Savant,"The Guinness Book of World Records Hall of Fame holder of the Highest IQ, at 230. Parade, February 4,1996 (p. 7)."
No Progress,"Variation is one thing, evolution quite another; this cannot be emphasized strongly enough... 
    Mutations provide change, but not progress.",Pierre Grasse,"Editor of the 28-volume 'Traite de Zoologie,' for 30 years the Chair of Evolution, Sorbonne University, and ex-president of the French Academie des Sciences, 'Evolution of Living Organisms: Evidence for a New Theory of Transformation,' Academic Press: New York NY, 1977, p.88"
Envision,I can envision observations and experiments that would disprove any evolutionary theory I know.,Stephen Jay Gould,"'Evolution as Fact and Theory,' Discover 2(5):34-37 (1981)"
Those Unchanging Biston Betularia,"The peppered moth experiments beautifully demonstrate natural selection or survival of the fittest. But they do not show evolution in progress. For however the population may alter in their content of light, intermediate or dark forms, all the moths remain from beginning to end biston betularia.","L. Harrison Matthews, D.Sc, FRS","Intro to 'Origin of Species: The Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life', Dent, London"
It's a Living,"Interestingly, I've read a number of biographies of scientists who are leaders in both creationist and evolutionary thought. The overwhelming trend is that the leaders of evolutionary thought all make their living purely from evolutionary theory. They are 'specialists in evolution' and there is no way that you could see how someone whose entire life and reputation and livelihood were bound up with the theory could turn against it. 
    On the other hand, the leaders of the creationist movement usually have made a name for themselves in some area of fundamental and applied science — real science — before moving into creation science.",Dr. Dmitri Kouznetsov,"'Interview with Dr. Dmitri Kouznetsov,' Ex Nihilo, Vol. 14, No. 1, p. 36. "
No Critical Thinking Allowed!,"...(I)t should be apparent that the errors, overstatements and omissions that we have noted in these biology texts, all tend to enhance the plausibility of hypotheses that are presented. More importantly, the inclusion of outdated material and erroneous discussions is not trivial. The items noted mislead students and impede their acquisition of critical thinking skills. 
    If we fail to teach students to examine data critically, looking for points both favoring and opposing hypotheses, we are selling our youth short and mortgaging the future of scientific inquiry itself.","Mills, Lancaster, Bradley","'Origin of Life Evolution in Biology Textbooks - A Critique', The American Biology Teacher, Volume 55, No. 2, February, 1993, p. 83"
All-Powerful Force Of Natural Selection?,"... as Darwinists and neo-Darwinists have become ever more adept at finding possible selective advantages for any trait one cares to mention, explanation in terms of the all-powerful force of natural selection has come more and more to resemble explanation in terms of the conscious design of the omnipotent Creator.",Mae-Wan Ho & Peter T. Saunders,"Biologist at The Open University, UK and Mathematician at University of London respectively. Eds., 'Beyond Neo- Darwinism: An Introduction to the New Evolutionary Paradigm,' Academic Press: London, 1984, pp.ix-x"
Metaphysical Research,"...I have come to the conclusion that Darwinism is not a testable scientific theory, but a metaphysical research programme and a possible framework for testable scientific theories.",Karl Popper,"Unended Quest (La Salle, Illinois: Open Court Pub. Co.), p. 168."
The Ptolemaic System of Biology,"The neo-Darwinist is now reaching the point of dignity in the history of science that the Ptolemaic system in astronomy, the epicycle system, reached long ago. 
    We know that it does not work. And that is interesting. Because from the actual structure of the chromosome we can demonstrate that the human species did not come from a progressive humanisation of a pre-human.",Professor Jerome Lejeune,"Chair of Fundamental Genetics, University of Paris, France. Quoted from the Conference Paper, 'The Beginning of Life'"
The Dust of the Earth?,"At the present stage of geological research, we have to admit that there is nothing in the geological records that runs contrary to the view of conservative creationists, that God created each species separately, presumably from the dust of the earth.",Dr. Edmund J. Ambrose,"Emeritus Prof of Cell Biology, University of London. The Nature and Origin of the Biological World. 1982, John Wiley & Sons, p. 164"
Life in the Universe?,"...the anthropic principal, which makes this universe a special one out of an uncountably large number of universes, may not apply only to that aspect of nature we define in the realm of physics, but may extend to chemistry and biology. 
    In that case life on Earth could be entirely unique.",Carl Woese,"(Microbiologist from the University of Illinois) Mullen, L. 2001. 'The Three Domains of Life'"
Incapable Of Helping Taxonomy,"Every taxonomist since Darwin has interpreted life as a vast tree in which all living creatures are the tips of the branches, and fossils are the remains of ancestral branches. So the pattern of nature -the forms that exist now and in the past- has been interpreted in terms of the process of nature, the theory of branching evolution through time. 
     
    But has this assumption clouded our vision of nature? Can we be certain that a particular fossil, which may appear to be intermediate between other creatures, is really an ancestor? 
     
    With the growing sophistication of taxonomy there is a feeling that many of the neo-Darwinian assumptions about fossils and ancestry may be scientifically unfounded, and should be dropped. 
     
    This realization — that the theory may be incapable of helping taxonomy, and may even be a hindrance to it — has led to a rejection of Darwinian ideas among some taxonomists who feel that we should be finding out more about the pattern before we become dogmatic about the process which is supposed to explain it.",Brian Leith,"Producer, Natural History Unit, BC, Bristol UK, 'The Descent of Darwin: A Handbook of Doubts about Darwinism,' Collins: London, 1982, p.23). "
Neo-Darwinist Bigots,"Missing links in the sequence of fossil evidence were a worry to Darwin. He felt sure that they would eventually turn up, but they are still missing and seem likely to remain so. 
    What we are to make of that fact is still open to debate, but today it is the conventional neo-Darwinians who appear as the conservative bigots and the unorthodox neo-Sedgwickians who rate as enlightened rationalists prepared to contemplate the evidence that is plain for all to see.",Professor Sir Edmund Leach,Addressing the 1981 Annual Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science.
Creed Of The Masses,"Darwinism is a creed not only with scientists committed to document the all-purpose role of natural selection. It is a creed with masses of people who have at best a vague notion of the mechanism of evolution as proposed by Darwin, let alone as further complicated by his successors. 
    Clearly, the appeal cannot be that of a scientific truth but of a philosophical belief which is not difficult to identify. Darwinism is a belief in the meaninglessness of existence.",R. Kirk,"'The Rediscovery of Creation,' in National Review, (May 27, 1983), p. 641."
For the Love of Fairy Tales,"I reject evolution because I deem it obsolete, because the knowledge, hard won since 1830, of anatomy, histology, cytology, and embryology, cannot be made to accord with its basic idea. 
    The foundationless, fantastic edifice of the evolution doctrine would long ago have met with its long deserved fate were it not that the love of fairy tales is so deep-rooted in the hearts of man.",Albert Fleischmann,University of Erlangen
It Must Be True!,"No one has ever found an organism that is known not to have parents, or a parent. 
    This is the strongest evidence on behalf of evolution.",Tom Bethell,"'Agnostic Evolutionists,' Harper's, February 1985, p. 61."
Information Is Information,"Information is information, not matter or energy. No materialism which does not admit this can survive at the present day.",Norbert Wiener,"Founder of Cybernetics and Information Theory, 'Cybernetics' 2nd ed., p. 132"
Without A Trace!,If man evolved from an apelike creature he did so without leaving a trace of that evolution in the fossil record.,Lord Solly Zuckerman,"MA, MD, DSc (Anatomy), Prof. of anatomy, University of Birmingham, Chief scientific advisor, United Kingdom 'Beyond the Ivory Tower' Taplinger Publishing Company, 1970, p64 "
Anthropomorphous Apes?,"At some future period... the civilized races of man will almost certainly exterminate and replace the savage races throughout the world. At the same time the anthropomorphous apes [negros] will no doubt be exterminated. 
     
    The break between man and his nearest allies will then be wider, for it will intervene between man (in a more civilized state, as we may hope, even than the Caucasian), and some ape as low as a baboon, instead of as now between the negro or Australian and the gorilla.",Charles Darwin,"The Descent of Man, 2nd edition, New York, A L. Burt Co., 1874, p. 178"
Stories Debunked,"It must be significant that nearly all the evolutionary stories I learned as a student have now been 'debunked'. 
     
    Similarly, my own experience of more than twenty years looking for evolutionary lineages among the Mesozoic Brachiopoda has proven them equally elusive.",Prof. Derek Ager,"Dep. of Geology, Imperial College, London. 'The nature of the fossil record.' Proc. Geological Assoc. Vol. 87, p. 132"
New Species Need Genetic Engineers,"'Survival of the fittest' and 'natural selection'. No matter what phraseology one generates, the basic fact remains the same: any physical change of any size, shape or form is strictly the result of purposeful alignment of billions of nucleotides (in the DNA). 
     
    Nature or species do not have the capacity to rearrange them nor to add to them. Consequently no leap (saitation) can occur from one species to another. 
     
    The only way we know for a DNA to be altered is through a meaningful intervention from an outside source of intelligence - one who know what it is doing, such as our genetic engineers are now performing in the laboratories",I. L. Cohen,"Officer of the Archaeological Institute of America. Member New York Academy of Sciences. 'Darwin Was Wrong - A Study in Probabilities' New Research Publications, Inc., p. 209 "
Sawing Off The Branch I'm Sitting On,"It seems to me immensely unlikely that mind is a mere by-product of matter. For if my mental processes are determined wholly by the motions of atoms in my brain I have no reason to suppose that my beliefs are true. They may be sound chemically, but that does not make them sound logically. And hence I have no reason for supposing my brain to be composed of atoms. 
     
    In order to escape from this necessity of sawing away the branch on which I am sitting, so to speak, I am compelled to believe that mind is not wholly conditioned by matter.",John Haldane,"Professor of Genetics, London University"
The Big Bang and Guano,"On July 12, an abandoned ranger headquarters at Tahquamenon Falls State Park blew sky-high, sending debris a hundred feet into the atmosphere and alarming campers fourteen miles away. 
     
    The explosion now has been traced to bat manure that for decades had been generating methane gas until in mid-July it became highly volatile and – kaboom! 
     
    Scientists believe that a similar cataclysm 15 billion years ago gave us the beginnings of the universe, though even scientists cannot account for those early bats, and for those of a religious disposition a world created by bat dung is too depressing to contemplate.",'The American Spectator',"Sept. 1993, pp. 8,9"
What? No Pictures?,"I fully agree with your comments on the lack of direct illustration of evolutionary transitions in my book. If I knew of any, fossil or living, I would certainly have included them. 
    You suggest that an artist should be used to visualise such transformations, but where would he get the information from? I could not, honestly, provide it, and if I were to leave it to artistic license, would that not mislead the reader?",Dr. Colin Patterson,"Senior paleontologist at the British Museum of Natural History, in letter to Luther Sunderland, April 10, 1979. Cited in: Sunderland, Luther D., Darwin's Enigma: Fossils and Other Problems (El Cajon, CA: Master Books, 1988), p. 89."
Not Necessarily Correct,"In any confrontation [with creationists], you should be prepared to show that evolution is scientific, not that it is correct...One need not discuss fossils, intermediate forms, or probabilities of mutation. These are incidental. The question is, what is scientific, and what is religious. 
    Therefore, if you must confront the creationists, we suggest you discuss the nature of science, the kind of knowledge it can provide, and the kind it cannot provide.",American Journal of Scientific Anthropology,"Article in entitled 'A Recommendation to the Association Concerning Creation,' Volume 2, 1983, 457-458"
Don't Forget!,"Biologists must constantly keep in mind that what they see was not designed, but rather evolved.",F.H.C. Crick,"Co-discoverer of the structure of DNA, Nobel laureate 1962, Professor at the Salk Institute, USA"
Your Thoughts Are Not Your Own,"But then with me the horrid doubt always arises whether the convictions of man's mind, which has been developed from the mind of the lower animals are of any value or at all trustworthy. 
    Would any one trust in the convictions of a monkey's mind, if there are any convictions in such a mind?",Charles R. Darwin,"English naturalist and founder of the modern theory of evolution in a letter to W. Graham, July 3rd, 1881, in Darwin F., ed., 'The Life of Charles Darwin,' [1902], Senate: London, 1995, reprint, p.64)."
Serious Science,"The Institute for Creation Research's followers take science more seriously than most scientists do. 
     
    [Their faculty have] absolutely respectable, legitimate doctorates from major American universities.",Paul Toumey,Evolutionist. From his Ph.D. thesis in anthropology.
Illogical Belief in the Improbable,Faith may be defined briefly as an illogical belief in the occurrence of the improbable.,H. L. Mencken,(1880-1956) American journalist. 
Evolutionary Miracles,"Contrary to the popular notion that only creationism relies on the supernatural, evolutionism must as well, since the probabilities of random formation of life are so tiny as to require a 'miracle' for spontaneous generation tantamount to a theological argument.",Chandra Wickramasinge,"Professor of Applied Math & Astronomy, University College, Cardiff"
Vast Ocean Of Truth,"I must confess to a feeling of profound humility in the presence of a universe which transcends us at almost every point. 
    I feel like a child who while playing by the seashore has found a few bright colored shells and a few pebbles while the whole vast ocean of truth stretches out almost untouched and unruffled before my eager fingers.",Sir Isaac Newton,
Darwinism Has Failed,"Neo-Darwinism has failed as an evolutionary theory that can explain the origin of species, understood as organisms of distinctive form and behaviour. In other words, it is not an adequate theory of evolution. 
    What it does provide is a partial theory of adaptation, or microevolution (small- scale adaptive changes in organisms).",Brian Goodwin,"Professor of Biology, Open University, UK, 'Neo-Darwinism has failed as an evolutionary theory,' The Times Higher Education Supplement, May 19, 1995"
Faith,"One may find it easier to believe in an infinite array of universes than an infinite Deity, but such a belief must rest on faith rather than observation.",Paul Davies,Physicist
Fallacious Interpretations,"Present-day ultra-Darwinism, which is so sure of itself, impresses incompletely informed biologists, misleads them, and inspires fallacious interpretations.",Pierre-P. Grasse,"Editor of the 28-volume 'Traite de Zoologie,' former Chair of Evolution, Sorbonne University and ex-president of the French Academie des Sciences, 'Evolution of Living Organisms: Evidence for a New Theory of Transformation,' [1973], Academic Press: New York NY, 1977, p6)"
Throwing Bricks,"To suppose that the evolution of the wonderfully adapted biological mechanisms has depended only on a selection out of a haphazard set of variations, each produced by blind chance, is like suggesting that if we went on throwing bricks together into heaps, we should eventually be able to choose ourselves the most desirable house.",Conrad H. Waddington,"Professor of Animal Genetics, University of Edinburgh, 'The Listener,' London, 13 November 1952, in Koestler A., 'The Ghost in the Machine,' [1967], Arkana: London, 1989, reprint, p127)"
They're Everywhere!,"One of the major unsolved problems of geology and evolution is the occurrence of diversified, multi-cellular marine invertebrates in Lower Cambrian rocks on ALL the continents, and their absence in rocks of greater age.",D. Axelrod,"Science 128:7, 1958 "
We Don't Know,We do not actually know the phylogenetic history of any group of plants and animals.,E. L. Core,"General Biology (N.Y.: John Wiley, 1961), p. 299."
In The Beginning....,"It is not difficult for me to have this faith, for it is incontrovertible that where there is a plan there is intelligence - an orderly, unfolding universe testifies to the truth of the most majestic statement ever uttered - 'In the beginning, God.'",Dr. Arthur H. Compton,Nobel Laureate (Physics).
Put Not Your Trust In Reconstructions,"To attempt to restore the soft parts is an even more hazardous undertaking. The lips, the eyes, the ears, and the nasal tip leave no clues on the underlying bony parts. 
    You can with equal facility model on a Neanderthaloid skull the features of a chimpanzee or the lineaments of a philosopher. These alleged restorations of ancient types of man have very little if any scientific value and are likely only to mislead the public... So put not your trust in reconstructions.",Earnest A. Hooton,"'Up From The Ape', New York: McMillan, 1931, p. 332"
Don't Tell The Public!,"As we know, there is a great divergence of opinion among biologists, not only about the causes of evolution but even about the actual process. This divergence exists because the evidence is unsatisfactory and does not permit any certain conclusion. It is therefore right and proper to draw the attention of the non-scientific public to the disagreements about evolution. 
    But some recent remarks of evolutionists show that they think this unreasonable. This situation, where scientific men rally to the defence of a doctrine they are unable to define scientifically, much less demonstrate with scientific rigour, attempting to maintain its credit with the public by the suppression of criticism and the elimination of difficulties, is abnormal and undesirable in science.",W.R. Thompson,"Entomologist and Director of the Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Ottawa, Canada, 'Introduction,' in Darwin C.R., 'The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection or The Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life,' [1872], Everyman's Library, J.M. Dent & Sons: London, 6th Edition, 1967, reprint, p.xxii"
Our Attempts Clouded,"Many fossils have been collected since 1859, tons of them, yet the impact they have had on our understanding of the relationships between living organisms is barely perceptible. 
    In fact, I do not think it unfair to say that fossils, or at least the traditional interpretation of fossils, have clouded rather than clarified our attempts to reconstruct phylogeny.",P. L. Fortey,"'Neontological Analysis Versus Palaeontological Stores' 1982, p. 120-121"
More Grief Than Joy,"The fossil record had caused Darwin more grief than joy. Nothing distressed him more than the Cambrian explosion, the coincident appearance of almost all complex organic designs.",Stephen J. Gould,"'The Panda's Thumb', 1980, p. 238-239"
Author Needed,Who created these laws? There is no question but that a God will always be needed.,Barry Parker,"Cosmologist. 'Show Me God' Heeren, F. 1995. Wheeling, IL, Searchlight Publications, p. 223."
From a Motorcycle to a Car,"The evolutionary process faces constraints far more severe than anything impeding human designers. We biologists recognise these constraints, but we don’t often rise above our natural chauvinism and make enough noise about them. 
    Every organism must grow from an initially smaller to an ultimately larger size. Nature in effect must transmute a motorcycle into an automobile while providing continuous transportation. The need for growth without loss of function can impose severe geometrical limitations.",Steven Vogel,"Vogel, S., Cats’ Paws and Catapults, Penguin, London, p. 23, 1998."
Brontosaurus wearing the wrong head?,"Why has it taken 100 years to learn that one of the largest of all dinosaurs Apatosaurus (Brontosaurus of the school book) has been wearing the wrong head? That seems rather basic. How did this mix-up occur; and where has the old fellow's head been all of this time? 
    The answer to the last question is, of course, that its true head has been in the museum's research collection for all these many years, patiently waiting for research to catch up to reality.",Display Notebook,"Dinosaur National Park Museum, Vernal Utah"
Great Computer Graphics!,"Artificial life, a major subfield of complexity studies, is 'fact-free science', but it excels at generating computer graphics.",John Maynard Smith,Evolutionary theorist
A Paradox,"Anyone trying to solve this puzzle immediately encounters a paradox. Nowadays nucleic acids are synthesized only with the help of proteins, and proteins are synthesized only if their corresponding nucleotide sequence is present. It is extremely improbable that proteins and nucleic acids, both of which are structurally complex, arose spontaneously in the same place at the same time. 
    Yet it also seems impossible to have one without the other. And so, at first glance, one might have to conclude that life could never, in fact, have originated by chemical means.",Leslie E. Orgel,"Bbiochemist and Resident Fellow, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 'The Origin of Life on the Earth,' Scientific American, Vol. 271, No. 4, October 1994, p.54."
Some More Embarrassed Than Others,"As I said, we shall all be embarrassed, in the fullness of time, by the naivete of our present evolutionary arguments. But some will be vastly more embarrassed than others.",Massimo Piattelli-Palmarini,"Principal Research Associate of the Center for Cognitive Science at MIT, 'Inevitable Illusions: How Mistakes of Reason Rule Our Minds,' John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1994, p195) "
People Assume,"Most people assume that fossils provide a very important part of the general argument made in favor of Darwinian interpretation of the history of life. 
    Unfortunately, this is not strictly true.",Dr. David Raup,"Curator, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago. Quoted from 'Conflicts between Darwin and paleontology,' Field Museum of Natural History Bulletin, Vol. 50 (1), 1979."
Forced By Logic,"When I began my career as a cosmologist some twenty years ago, I was a convinced atheist. 
    I never in my wildest dreams imagined that one day I would be writing a book purporting to show that the central claims of Judeo-Christian theology are in fact true, that these claims are straightforward deductions of the laws of physics as we now understand them. 
    I have been forced into these conclusions by the inexorable logic of my own special branch of physics.",Frank Tipler,"(Professor of Mathematical Physics): Tipler, F.J. 1994. The Physics Of Immortality. New York, Doubleday, Preface"
Supernatural Plan?,"Astronomy leads us to a unique event, a universe which was created out of nothing, one with the very delicate balance needed to provide exactly the conditions required to permit life, and one which has an underlying (one might say 'supernatural') plan.",Arno Penzias,"(Nobel prize in physics): Margenau, H and R.A. Varghese, ed. 1992. Cosmos, Bios, and Theos. La Salle, IL, Open Court, p. 83"
A Bad Dream,"A sound explanation may exist for the explosive birth of our Universe; but if it does, science cannot find out what the explanation is. The scientist's pursuit of the past ends in the moment of creation. 
     
    This is an exceedingly strange development, unexpected by all but the theologians. They have always accepted the word of the Bible: In the beginning God created heaven and earth... At this moment it seems as though science will never be able to raise the curtain on the mystery of creation. 
     
    For the scientist who has lived by his faith in the power of reason, the story ends like a bad dream. He has scaled the mountains of ignorance; he is about to conquer the highest peak; as he pulls himself over the final rock, he is greeted by a band of theologians who have been sitting there for centuries.","Professor Robert Jastrow, PhD","God and the Astronomers, 1978, W.W. Norton, NY, pp115-116 "
Evolution of Evolution,"The evolution of the horse provides one of the keystones in teaching of evolutionary doctrine, though the actual story depends to a large extent upon who is telling it and when the story is being told. 
    In fact one could easily discuss the evolution of the story of the evolution of the horse.",Prof G. A. Kerkut,"Dep. of Physiology & Biochemistry, University of Southhampton 'Implications of Evolution' Pergamon Press, London, 1960, p 144 "
Communication from a Distant Galaxy?,"...an intelligible communication via radio signal from some distant galaxy would be widely hailed as evidence of an intelligent source. 
     
    Why then doesn't the message sequence on the DNA molecule also constitute prima facie evidence for an intelligent source? After all, DNA information is not just analogous to a message sequence such as Morse code, it is such a message sequence.",Charles B. Thaxton. Ph.D,"Chemistry, Postdoctoral Fellow at Harvard, Staff member of the Julian Centre. 'The Mystery of Life's Origin: Reassessing Current Theories', Philosophical Library"
Whistle-blower Needed,"This does not mean that the profession is about to abandon Darwin forever or endorse my views publicly. 
    The situation remains much as it was: the inner circles are full of doubt, but the public utterances are confident. The doubts may be greater now and the confidence less serene, but it will be a long time before the public is given the full dark picture. 
    There is still need for a dissenting voice, a devil's advocate, a skeptical whistle-blower.",Norman Macbeth,"Darwin Retried: An Appeal to Reason (Boston: Gambit Books, 1971), foreword."
Fundamentalist Outlook,"'Fact' is a difficult word. I would never say 'the fact of evolution', but good biologists continue to say it. 
    I think this stems from their poor understanding of theory, from habit, and from their scientific fundamentalist outlook on the topic.",Ralph W. Lewis,"Prof. Emeritus Biology, MSU, East Lansing, MI; Personal correspondence 5/2/89 "
Soup's On?,"Considering the way the prebiotic soup is referred to in so many discussions of the origin of life as an already established reality, it comes as something of a shock to realize that there is absolutely no positive evidence for its existence.",Michael Denton,Molecular Biologist. Evolution: A Theory in Crisis. Adler and Adler.
Leap of Faith!,"When confronted with the order and beauty of the universe and the strange coincidences of nature, it's very tempting to take the leap of faith from science into religion. 
    I am sure many physicists want to. I only wish they would admit it.",Tony Rothman,"(Physicist): Casti, J.L. 1989. Paradigms Lost. New York, Avon Books, p.482-483"
On The Contrary,"The record certainly did not reveal gradual transformations of structure in the course of time. 
    On the contrary, it showed that species generally remained constant throughout their history. New types or classes seemed to appear fully formed, with no sign of an evolutionary trend by which they could have emerged from an earlier type.",Bowler,"'Evolution: The History of an Idea', 1984, p. 187"
I See Nothing!,"I’m a bit like an editor, trying to find a spelling mistake inside a document larger than four complete sets of Encyclopedia Britanica. 
    Nobody I know in my profession believes it [genetic code] evolved. It was engineered by ‘genius beyond genius,’ and such information could not have been written any other way. 
    Creation design is like an elephant in the living room. It moves around, takes up an enormous amount of space, loudly trumpets, bumps into us, knocks things over, eats a ton of hay, and smells like an elephant. And yet we have to swear it isn’t there!",A molecular biologist,"(speaking on condition of anonymity) who identifies genetic controls for diseases. “The Biologist,” interviewed by George Caylor, The Ledger, Lynchburg, Virginia. Feb. 17, 2000. "
Said Concisely,"... we can say concisely: In any spontaneous process, entropy either does not change (under ideal cases) or it increases (in real cases). 
    Forgetting the ideal, we can just take it for granted that in the real world about us entropy always increases.",Isaac Asimov,"'Life and Energy' (N.Y.: Doubleday, 1962), Pp. 57, 58."
Sheer Nonsense,"Nine-tenths of the talk of evolutionists is sheer nonsense, not founded on observation and wholly unsupported by facts. 
    This museum is full of proofs of the utter falsity of their views. In all this great museum, there is not a particle of evidence of the transmutation of species.",Dr. Etheridge,World famous palaeontologist of the British Museum
Contradicted By Facts,"Unfortunately for Darwin's future reputation, his life was spent on the problem of evolution which is deductive by nature. 
    It is absurd to expect that many facts will not always be irreconcilable with any theory of evolution and, today, every one of his theories is contradicted by facts.",P.T. Mora,"The Dogma of Evolution, p. 194."
Old Seal Blood,"When the blood of a seal, freshly killed at McMurdo Sound in the Antarctic was tested by carbon-14, it showed the seal had died 1,300 years ago.",W. Dort Jr,"Ph.D. Geology, Professor, University of Kansas, quoted in Antarctic Journal of the United States, 1971"
What's The Difference?,"And this poses something of a problem: if we date the rocks by their fossils, how can we then turn around and talk about patterns of evolutionary change through time in the fossil record? 
    We need an independent time frame to know that a trilobite in Ohio is roughly the same age as one in New York before we can talk about geographic variation; otherwise, their differences might as well be ascribed to the sort of process of gradual change that Darwin thought was inevitable with the simple passage of time.",Niles Eldredge,"Chairman and Curator of Invertebrates, American Museum of Natural History, 'Time Frames: The Rethinking of Darwinian Evolution and the Theory of Punctuated Equilibria,' Simon & Schuster: New York NY, 1985, p.52"
The Knight Speaks!,"Though these bodies may, indeed, persevere in their orbits by the mere laws of gravity, yet they could by no means have at first derived the regular positions of the orbits themselves from those laws.... 
     
    This most beautiful system of the sun, planets, and comets, could only proceed from the council and dominion of an intelligent and powerful being.",Sir Isaac Newton,"'Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy' (Other books written by Newton include 'Observations Upon the Prophecies of Daniel', and 'Principia Mathematical')"
An Impenetrable Barrier,"What makes the origin of life and of the genetic code a disturbing riddle is this: the genetic code is without any biological function unless it is translated; that is, unless it leads to the synthesis of the proteins whose structure is laid down by the code. But ... the machinery by which the cell (at least the non-primitive cell, which is the only one we know) translates the code consists of at least fifty macromolecular components which are themselves coded in the DNA. 
     
    Thus the code can not be translated except by using certain products of its translation. This constitutes a baffling circle; a really vicious circle, it seems, for any attempt to form a model or theory of the genesis of the genetic code. 
     
    Thus we may be faced with the possibility that the origin of life (like the origin of physics) becomes an impenetrable barrier to science, and a residue to all attempts to reduce biology to chemistry and physics.",Sir Karl Popper,"1974. Scientific Reduction and the Essential Incompleteness of All Science. In Ayala, F. and Dobzhansky, T., eds., Studies in the Philosophy of Biology, University of California Press, Berkeley, p. 270"
We Despise Them Equally,"It is as though they [fossils] were just planted there, without any evolutionary history. Needless to say this appearance of sudden planting has delighted creationists. 
    Both schools of thought (Punctuationists and Gradualists) despise so-called scientific creationists equally, and both agree that the major gaps are real, that they are true imperfections in the fossil record. 
    The only alternative explanation of the sudden appearance of so many complex animal types in the Cambrian era is divine creation and both reject this alternative.",Richard Dawkins,"'The Blind Watchmaker', W.W. Norton & Company, New York, 1996, pp. 229-230"
Muddlers,"It is a religion of science that Darwinism held, and holds men's minds... 
    The modified, but still characteristically Darwinian theory has itself become an orthodoxy, preached by its adherents with religious fervor, and doubted, they feel, only by a few muddlers imperfect in scientific faith.",Marjorie Grene,"Encounter, November 1959, p. 48"
Our Modest Powers,"Everyone who is seriously interested in the pursuit of science becomes convinced that a spirit is manifest in the laws of the universe—a spirit vastly superior to man, and one in the face of which our modest powers must feel humble.",Albert Einstein,
How many eyes do you need?,"My last doubt concerns so-called parallel evolution....Even something as complex as the eye has appeared several times: for example, in the squid, the vertebrates, and the arthropods. 
    It's bad enough accounting for the origin of such things once, but the thought of producing them several times make my head swim.",Frank Salisbury,
Not Enough to Go On,"Biologists would dearly like to know how modern apes, modern humans and the various ancestral hominids have evolved from a common ancestor. Unfortunately, the fossil record is somewhat incomplete as far as the hominids are concerned, and it is all but blank for the apes. 
    The best we can hope for is that more fossils will be found over the next few years which will fill the present gaps in the evidence. 
    David Pilbeam [a well-known expert in human evolution] comments wryly, 'If you brought in a smart scientist from another discipline and showed him the meagre evidence we've got he'd surely say, Forget it: there isn't enough to go on."".'""",Richard E. Leakey,"'The Making of Mankind', Michael Josep. Limited, London, 1981, p. 43 "
We need more time!,"Ironically, although it has been over a hundred years since Darwin's time, we now have fewer examples of 'transitional forms' than we did then. Instead of having more (as Darwin had hoped for), we actually have less. 
    This is because some of the old classic examples of evolution have been recently disregarded due to new information and findings, and no new transitional forms have been found. 
    Despite these insurmountable problems, the dauntless faith of the evolutionist persists.",Scott M. Huges. PH.D,
Infinitely More Vivid Picture,"Now, after over 120 years of the most extensive and painstaking geological exploration of every continent and ocean bottom, the picture is infinitely more vivid and complete than it was in 1859. 
     
    Formations have been discovered containing hundreds of billions of fossils and our museums are filled with over 100-million fossils of 250,000 different species. 
     
    The availability of this profusion of hard scientific data should permit objective investigators to determine if Darwin was on the right track. What is the picture which the fossils have given us? ... The gaps between major groups of organisms have been growing even wider and more undeniable. They can no longer be ignored or rationalized away with appeals to imperfection of the fossil record.",Luther D. Sunderland,"Darwin's Enigma: Fossils and Other Problems, 4th edition, Master Books, p. 9"
Valuable At The Time,"The interpretation of evolution is in a state of upheaval: the rapid advancement of Molecular Biology has led into question many of the tenets of Darwinism and neo-Darwinism which, although valuable approaches at the time they were formulated, never fulfilled the criteria demanded by real scientific theories.",A. Lima-de Faria,'Evolution Without Selection' (from the publishers' advertising)
The Next Step,"The firm step toward explaining the appearance of living things had been taken. The elementary organic constituents required for the construction of the big molecules, from which life subsequently developed, may be formed spontaneously and easily. It seemed that once the first steps had been taken, the others would have followed easily. 
    Research scientists threw themselves unhesitatingly into the frenetic race to be the first to synthesize living matter in the laboratory; but so far no one has succeeded. There are, in fact, many thresholds to be crossed. 
    Life is based upon two mutually interactive systems, one of which makes provision for growth and the other for reproduction. The systems are also interdependent, and neither may exist without the other. Which was formed first? 
    The answer that they were formed simultaneously is too simple to be acceptable. The problem of how the first living organism was formed has still to be solved.",Giuseppe Minelli,"Professor of Comparative Anatomy, University of Bologna, Italy, 'The Evolution of Life: The History of Life on Earth,' [1985], Facts on File: New York NY, 1986, p.5."
A Fascinating Intellectual Challenge,"... the earliest known representative of the major kinds of animals still populating today's seas made a rather abrupt appearance. This rather protracted 'event' shows up graphically in the rock record: all over the world, at roughly the same time, thick sequences of rocks, barren of any easily detected fossils, are overlain by sediments containing a gorgeous array of shelly invertebrates: trilobites, brachiopods, mollusks. 
    ...this sudden development of rich and varied fossil record where, just before, there was none ... Indeed, the sudden appearance of a varied, well-preserved array of fossils ... does pose a fascinating intellectual challenge.",Niles Eldredge,"Palaeontologist, American Museum of Natural History. 'The Monkey Business: A Scientist Looks at Creationism' Washington Square Press, N.Y., p. 44"
Break It Down!,"If it could be demonstrated that any complex organ existed which could not possibly have been formed by numerous, successive, slight modifications, my theory would absolutely break down.",Charles Darwin,The Origin of Species: The Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life
Science Incapable of Solving It,"Any living being possesses an enormous amount of 'intelligence', very much more than is necessary to build the most magnificent of cathedrals. Today, this 'intelligence' is called 'information', but it is still the same thing. It is not programmed as in a computer, but rather it is condensed on a molecular scale in the chromosomal DNA or in that of any other organelle in each cell. 
    This 'intelligence' is the sine qua non of life. If absent, no living being is imaginable. Where does it come from? 
    This is a problem which concerns both biologists and philosophers and, at present, science seems incapable of solving it.",Pierre-P. Grasse,"Editor of the 28-volume 'Traite de Zoologie,' former Chair of Evolution, Sorbonne University and ex-president of the French Academie des Sciences], 'Evolution of Living Organisms: Evidence for a New Theory of Transformation,' Academic Press: New York NY, 1977, p.2."
Well Defined Species,"Firstly, why, if species have descended from other species by insensibly fine gradations, do we not everywhere see innumerable transitional forms? 
     
    Why is not all nature in confusion instead of the species being, as we see them, well defined?",Charles R. Darwin,"The Origin of Species: The Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life, first edition reprint Avenel Books, p. 205"
Intelligence Comes Before Life,"Finally, there is only one attitude which is possible as I have just shown: It consists in affirming that intelligence comes before life. Many people will say this is not science, it is philosophy. 
    The only thing I am interested in is fact, and this conclusion comes out of an analysis and observation of the facts.",G. Salet,"Hasard et Certitude: Le Transformisme devant la Biologie Actuelle (1973), p. 331."
My Work: Grievously Hypothetical,"This shall be such an extraordinary note as you have never received from me, for it shall not contain one single question or request. I thank you for your impression on my views. 
    Every criticism from a good man is of value to me. What you hint at generally is very, very true: that my work will be grievously hypothetical, and large parts by no means worthy of being called induction, my commonest error being probably induction from too few facts.",Charles R. Darwin,"Letter to Asa Gray of November 29, 1859, in Darwin F., ed., 'More Letters of Charles Darwin,' John Murray: London, 1903, Vol. I, pp.126-127."
Empiricists,"I've been reading about the beginning of the universe. They call it 'The Big Bang'. Isn't it weird how scientists can imagine all the matter of the universe exploding out of a dot smaller than the head of a pin, but they can't come up with a more evocative name for it than 'The Big Bang'? 
     
    That's the whole problem with science. You've got a bunch of empiricists trying to describe things of unimaginable wonder.",Calvin,'Calvin & Hobbes'
Where's the Sequence?,"The evolutionary interpretation of homology is clouded even further by the uncomfortable fact that there are many cases of 'homologous like' resemblance which cannot by any stretch of the imagination be explained by descent from a common ancestor. 
     
    The really significant finding that comes to light from comparing the proteins' amino acid sequences is that it is impossible to arrange them in any sort of an evolutionary series.",Dr. Michael Denton,'Evolution: A Theory in Crisis'
Tugboats?,"It looks to me as if Darwinians are like someone who, having observed that tugboats sometimes maneuver ocean liners in tight places by directing high-pressure streams of water at them, concludes that he has discovered the method by which the liners cross the Atlantic.",P. Van Inwagen,"Professor of Philosophy, Notre Dame University, 'Doubts About Darwinism,' in Buell J. & Hearn V., eds., 'Darwinism: Science or Philosophy?' Foundation for Thought and Ethics: Richardson TX, 1994, p186"
Accidents of History,"My main criticism of Darwinism is that it fails in its initial objective, which is to explain the origin of species. Now, let me explain exactly what I mean by that. 
     
    I mean it fails to explain the emergence of organisms, the specific forms during evolution like algae and ferns and flowering plants, corals, starfish, crabs, fish, birds. 
     
    Darwin turned biology into a historical science, and in Darwinism, species are simply accidents of history, they don't have any inherent nature. They are just 'the way things happened to work out' and there aren't any particular constraints that mean it couldn't have all worked out very differently.",Brian Goodwin,"Professor of Biology, Open University, UK, 'An interview with Professor Brian Goodwin by Dr David King,' GenEthics News, Issue 11. March/April 1996, pp.6-8. "
Where's The Histone-4?,"Essentially, the same amino acid chain being found also in other animals and even in plants, we have a case in histone-4 where more than 200 base pairs are conserved across the whole of biology. 
    The problem for the neo-Darwinian theory is to explain how the one particular arrangement of base pairs came to be discovered in the first place. Evidently not by random processes, for with a chance 1/4 of choosing each of the correct base pairs at random, the probability of discovering a segment of 200 specific base pairs is 4200, which is equal to 10120. 
    Even if one were given a random choice for every atom in every galaxy in the whole visible universe the probability of discovering histone-4 would still only be a minuscule 1 in 1040.",Fred Hoyle,"Late mathematician, physicist and Professor of Astronomy, Cambridge University, 'Mathematics of Evolution,' [1987], Acorn Enterprises: Memphis TN, 1999, pp.102- 103)."
We Can't Have That!,One is forced to conclude that many scientists and technologists pay lip-service to Darwinian theory only because it supposedly excludes a Creator.,Dr. Michael Walker,"Senior Lecturer, Anthropology, Sydney University. Quadrant, p. 44"
Not in the Fossil Record,"We do not have any available fossil group which can categorically be claimed to be the ancestor of any other group. 
     
    We do not have in the fossil record any specific point of divergence of one life form for another, and generally each of the major life groups has retained its fundamental structural and physiological characteristics throughout its life history and has been conservative in habitat.",G. S. Carter,"Professor & Author. Fellow of Corpus Christi College. Cambridge, England. Structure and Habit in Vertebrate Evolution. University of Washington Press"
Not About Proliferation,"One of the ironies of the history of biology is that Darwin did not really explain the origin of new species in The Origin of Species, because he didn't know how to define species. 
    The Origin was in fact concerned mostly with how a single species might change in time, not how one species might proliferate into many.",Douglas J. Futuym,"Professor of Evolutionary Biology, State University of New York, Stony Brook. , 'Science on Trial: The Case for Evolution,' Pantheon: New York NY, 1982, p.152"
"A Phantasmagoric, Surrealistic World","The theory of evolution... presents only fallacious solutions to the problem of the nature of evolutionary transformations... perhaps we are now in a worse position than in 1859 because we have searched for one century and we have the impression that the different hypotheses are now exhausted. 
    Presently, nature appears to be more steady, more firm and more refractory to changes than we thought... The world supposed by transformation is a phantasmagoric, surrealistic world... 
    Personally I believe this phantasmagoria has existed before the calm and stable reality that we now observe in the nature.",Jean Rostand,"1972, quoted in J. Garrido: 'Evolution and Molecular Biology,' Creation Research Society Quarterly, 10 (1973): 168."
My Own Dogmas,"You will be greatly disappointed (by my book); it will be grievously too hypothetical. It will very likely be of no other service than collating some facts; though I myself think I see my way approximately on the origin of species. 
    But, alas, how frequent, how almost universal it is in an author to persuade himself of the truth of his own dogmas.",Charles Darwin,"1858, in a letter, regarding the concluding chapters of his 'The Origin of the Species: The Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life'. Quoted in 'John Lofton's Journal,' The Washington Times, February 8, 1984"
Trademark®,"If the word 'God' were written upon every blowing leaf, embossed on every passing cloud, engraved on every granite rock, the inductive evidence of God in the world would be no stronger than it is.",Dr. E.A. Maness,"'The Evidence of God in an Expanding Universe', p. 12"
Evolution Roulette,"What gambler would be crazy enough to play roulette with random evolution? The probability of dust carried by the wind reproducing Durer's 'Melancholia' is less infinitesimal than the probability of copy errors in the DNA molecule leading to the formation of the eye; besides, these errors had no relationship whatsoever with the function that the eye would have to perform or was starting to perform. 
    There is no law against daydreaming, but science must not indulge in it.",Pierre-Paul Grasse,"French zoologist in 'Evolution of Living Organisms' (New York: Academic Press, 1977), 104"
Lucky 17,"But the roulette analogy hides rather than indicates the fantastic improbability of any major evolutionary advance produced by chance mutations. 
    For such an event to occur, it is not enough that a certain required number, say the 17, should come up on the roulette table - but that it should come up simultaneously on a dozen or so tables in the same establishment, followed by the 18, 19 and 20 simultaneously on all tables.",A Koestler,"'Janus: A Summing Up,' [1978], Picador: London, 1983, reprint, pp.173-174"
Darwin Ill-served,"Darwin's book, 'On the Origin of Species', I find quite unsatisfactory: It says nothing about the origin of species; it is written very tentatively; with a special chapter on 'Difficulties on theory'; and it includes a great deal of discussion on why evidence for natural selection does not exist in the fossil record. 
    Darwin, I think, has been ill-served by the strength of his supporters.",H.S. Lipson,"Professor of Physics, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, UK, 'Origin of species,' in 'Letters,' New Scientist, 14 May 1981, p.452. Emphasis in original."
Did They Or Didn't They?,"Organisms either appeared on the earth fully developed or they did not. If they did not, they must have developed from preexisting species by some process of modification. 
    If they did appear in a fully developed state, they must indeed have been created by some omnipotent intelligence.",Douglas J. Futuyma,"'Science on Trial', New York:Pantheon Books, 1983. p. 197. ) "
Overthrowing Dogmas,"I may be permitted to say, as some excuse, that I had two distinct objects in view; firstly, to shew that species had not been separately created, and secondly, that natural selection had been the chief agent of change... 
    Hence, if I have erred in giving to natural selection great power, I have at least ... done good service in aiding to overthrow the dogma of separate creations.",Charles R. Darwin,"'The Descent of Man,' bound in one volume with 'The Origin of Species: The Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life,' [1871], Modern Library, Random House: New York, nd., pp.441-442."
Clear Consequences,Naturalistic evolution has clear consequences that Charles Darwin understood perfectly. 1) No gods worth having exist; 2) no life after death exists; 3) no ultimate foundation for ethics exists; 4) no ultimate meaning in life exists; and 5) human free will is nonexistent.,William B. Provine,"Professor of Biological Sciences, Cornell University, 'Evolution: Free will and punishment and meaning in life', Abstract of Will Provine's 1998 Darwin Day Keynote Address."
Making Up Stories,"Another beauty - and an important weakness - of the theory of evolution by natural selection is that with a little imagination it is possible to come up with an explanation of anything. 
    Evolutionary biologists like to spend their time making up stories about how selection has moulded the most unlikely characteristics. 
    Sometimes they even turn out to be right.",Steve Jones,"Professor of Genetics, University College, London, 'The Language of the Genes: Biology, History and the Evolutionary Future,' [1993], Flamingo: London, 1994, p.196"
The Gaps Are Real,"The gaps in the record are real, however. The absence of any record of any important branching is quite phenomenal. Species are usually static, or nearly so, for long periods, species seldom and genera never show evolution into new species or genera but replacement or one by another, and change is more or less abrupt.",Robert G. Wesson,"'Beyond Natural Selection', 1991, p. 45"
"It Would, Wouldn't It?","In other words, when the assumed evolutionary processes did not match the pattern of fossils that they were supposed to have generated, the pattern was judged to be 'wrong'. 
    A circular argument arises: interpret the fossil record in terms of a particular theory of evolution, inspect the interpretation, and note that it confirms the theory. 
    Well, it would, wouldn't it?",Tom S. Kemp,"'A Fresh Look at the Fossil Record', New Scientist, vol. 108, 1985, pp. 66-67"
Looking The Other Way,"Darwin himself, ...prophesied that future generations of paleontologists would fill in these gaps by diligent search ... 
    One hundred and twenty years of paleontological research later, it has become abundantly clear that the fossil record will not confirm this part of Darwin's predictions. Nor is the problem a miserably poor record. The fossil record simply shows that this prediction is wrong. 
    The observation that species are amazingly conservative and static entities throughout long periods of time has all the qualities of the emperor's new clothes: everyone knew it but preferred to ignore it. Paleontologists, faced with a recalcitrant record obstinately refusing to yield Darwin's predicted pattern, simply looked the other way.",Niles Eldredge & I. Tattersall,"'The Myths of Human Evolution', 1982, p. 45-46"
Mini-Dragons?,"Why not teach the theory of Chonosuke Okamura, a Japanese paleontologist who became convinced that patterns of water seepage in rocks were 'mini-fossils' and that life was descended from mini-horses, mini-cows, and mini-dragons. 
    It's kind of like forming an evolutionary theory out of cloud formations.",Marc Abrahams,"Annals of Improbable Research, From DISCOVER Vol. 21 No. 10 (October 2000)"
Our Duty!,"Today our duty is to destroy the myth of evolution, considered as a simple, understood, and explained phenomenon which keeps rapidly unfolding before us. 
    The deceit is sometimes unconscious, but not always, since some people, owing to their sectarianism, purposely overlook reality and refuse to acknowledge the inadequacies and falsity of their beliefs.",Pierre-Paul Grasse,"Former President, French Acadamie des Science. 'Evolution of Living Organisms'. Academic Press, New York, p 8"
The Brutes Become Gods,"The materialists are offensive to me in many respects; their doctrines I hold to be pernicious, and I am disgusted at their arrogance. 
    If their system could be of any utility to man, it would seem to be by giving him a modest opinion of himself, but these reasoners show that it is not so; and when they think they have said enough to prove that they are brutes, they appear as proud as if they had demonstrated that they are gods.",Alexis de Toqueville,"Democracy in America, Book I, chp. 15"
I Would Rather Believe In Fairies,"Only one theory has been advanced to make an attempt to understand the development of life, the Darwin-Wallace theory of evolution, and a very feeble attempt it is, based on such flimsy assumptions, mainly of morphological-anatomical nature that it can hardly be called a theory.... 
     
    I would rather believe in fairies than in such wild speculation.",Ernst Chain,"(Nobel Prize for Physiology & Medicine, 1945). Clark, Ronald W., 'The Life of Ernst Chain: Penicillin and Beyond,' Weidenfeld & Nicolson: London, 1985, p.147"
Neanderthals in Denmark?,"Neanderthals had short, narrow skulls, large cheekbones and noses and, most distinctive, bunlike bony bumps on the backs of their heads. 
     
    Many modern Danes and Norwegians have identical features, Brace reported at the annual meeting of the American Anthropological Association in Phoenix... Indeed, the present-day European skulls resemble Neanderthal skulls more closely than they resemble the skulls of American Indians or Australian aborigines.",C. Loring Brace,"'Neanderthal Traits Extant, Group Told'. The Arizona Republic (Phoenix), p. B-5, (After measuring more than 500 relatively modern northwestern Europeans craniums last year. Report on: Physical anthropologist and evolutionist. University of Michigan"
How Did This Happen?,"I believe that one day the Darwinian myth will be ranked the greatest deceit in the history of science. 
    When this happens, many people will pose the question: 'How did this ever happen?'",Dr. Soren Lovtrup,"Evolutionist. 'Darwinism: The Refutation of a Myth' (New York: Croom Helm, 1987), p. 422."
Beautiful Picture – but Wrong!,"Stanley Miller's glass-jar experiment 40 years ago suggested that the components of life were easily manufactured from gases in the atmosphere. The conditions he re-created in his laboratory faithfully reflected the prevailing wisdom of the time. 
     
    'It was', says Chyba, 'a beautiful picture.' 'Unfortunately', he adds, 'it is probably wrong.'",J. Madeleine Nash,"'How Life Began', Time, October 11, 1993, p. 73 "
Deity of Darwin,"Just as pre-Darwinian biology was carried out by people whose faith was in the Creator and His plan, post-Darwinian biology is being carried out by people whose faith is in, almost, the deity of Darwin.",Dr. Colin Patterson,"The Listener, 8 October 1981, p. 392."
Black Is White,The australopithecine skull is in fact so overwhelmingly simian as opposed to human that the contrary proposition could be equated to an assertion that black is white.,Lord Solly Zuckerman,"Beyond the Ivory Tower, p78"
Primeval Soup: a Failed Paradigm,"Although at the beginning the paradigm was worth consideration, now the entire effort in the primeval soup paradigm is self-deception on the ideology of its champions. … 
     
    The history of science shows that a paradigm, once it has achieved the status of acceptance (and is incorporated in textbooks) and regardless of its failures, is declared invalid only when a new paradigm is available to replace it. Nevertheless, in order to make progress in science, it is necessary to clear the decks, so to speak, of failed paradigms. This must be done even if this leaves the decks entirely clear and no paradigms survive. 
     
    It is a characteristic of the true believer in religion, philosophy and ideology that he must have a set of beliefs, come what may (Hoffer, 1951). Belief in a primeval soup on the grounds that no other paradigm is available is an example of the logical fallacy of the false alternative. In science it is a virtue to acknowledge ignorance. This has been universally the case in the history of science as Kuhn (1970) has discussed in detail. There is no reason that this should be different in the research on the origin of life",Hubert P. Yockey,"'Information Theory and Molecular Biology', 1992 Cambridge University Press, UK, p. 336."
Modern Alchemists,"Unfortunately, the fact that scientists have devoted their lives to the study of Darwinism does not automatically mean that the theory is necessarily scientific. 
    The alchemists in the Middle Ages spent their time and energy trying to convert base metals into gold and, of course, failed. We can now see that the theories underlying the alchemists' efforts were fundamentally mistaken, and although they would undoubtedly have considered themselves 'scientists', we would hesitate today to call their experiments scientific.",Brian Leith,"Producer, Natural History Unit, BC, Bristol UK, 'The Descent of Darwin: A Handbook of Doubts about Darwinism,' Collins: London, 1982, pp.26- 27)"
Which Is More Impossible?,"It is as impossible that pure incogitative matter should produce a thinking intelligent Being, as that nothing should of itself produce Matter.",John Locke,"Essay Concerning Human Understanding, 1690, IV, x. 10"
Made Up Stories,"Hundreds of scientists who once taught their university students that the bottom line on origins had been figured out and settled are today confessing that they were completely wrong. They've discovered that their previous conclusions, once held so fervently, were based on very fragile evidences and suppositions which have since been refuted by new discoveries. 
    This has necessitated a change in their basic philosophical position on origins. Others are admitting great weaknesses in evolution theory. 
    It is easy enough to make up stories, of how one form gave rise to another, and to find reasons why the stages should be favoured by natural selection. But such stories are not part of science, for there is no way of putting them to the test.",Luther D Sutherland,"'Darwin's Enigma', Master Books 1988, p7,8, 89"
Only Explained Sociologically,"The fact that a theory [evolution] so vague, so insufficiently verifiable, and so far from the criteria otherwise applied in 'hard' science has become a dogma can only be explained on sociological grounds.",Ludwig von Bertalanffy,Biologist
Alleged Descendants,"Species that were once thought to have turned into others have been found to overlap in time with these alleged descendants. 
    In fact, the fossil record does not convincingly document a single transition from one species to another.",S. M. Stanley,"'The New Evolutionary Timetable: Fossils, Genes, and the Origin of Species', 1981, p. 95"
Search for the Holy Transformation,"The fossil record doesn't even provide any evidence in support of Darwinian theory except in the weak sense that the fossil record is compatible with it, just as it is compatible with other evolutionary theories, and revolutionary theories and special creationist theories and even historical theories.",David B. Kitts,"'Search for the Holy Transformation,' review of Evolution of Living Organisms, by Pierre-p. Grassé, Paleobiology, vol. 5, 1979, pp. 353-354 "
Exquisite Order,The exquisite order displayed by our scientific understanding of the physical world calls for the divine.,Vera Kistiakowsky,"MIT physicist. Margenau, H and R.A. Varghese, ed. 1992. Cosmos, Bios, and Theos. La Salle, IL, Open Court, p. 52.",,
Structureless Egg?,"The existence of the cosmic egg is, however, itself something of an anomaly. If the general movement of the Universe is from order to disorder, how did the order (which presumably existed in the cosmic egg) originate? Where did it come from? 
    It is tempting to suppose that we can expand on the biblical account for the answer. The Spirit of God, moving upon the face of the deep (Chaos), collected all the matter of the Universe into an ultimately compressed cosmic egg (Cosmos) and then allowed it to explode into energy (Let there be light"")", cool down into matter and the Universe as we know it," and then run downhill according to the laws of nature (presumably also designed by God) until it is Chaos again.""",Isaac Asimov,"'In The Beginning...: Science Faces God in the Book of Genesis,' Crown Publishers: New York NY, 1981, pp.23-24"
Cutting Edge Software,"Biological information is the most important information we can discover because over the next several decades it will revolutionize medicine and lead to treatments for most diseases. 
    Human DNA is like a computer program but far, far more advanced than any software we've ever created.",Bill Gates,"Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Microsoft Corporation, 'The Road Ahead,' [1995], Penguin: London, Revised, 1996, p.228. ",,
Where's the Origin?,Not one change of species into another is on record....we cannot prove that a single species has been changed.,Charles Darwin,,,
Consensus vs. Truth,Science … is not so much concerned with truth as it is with consensus. What counts as “truth” is what scientists can agree to count as truth at any particular moment in time … [Scientists] are not really receptive or not really open-minded to any sorts of criticisms or any sorts of claims that actually are attacking some of the established parts of the research (traditional) paradigm — in this case neo-Darwinism — so it is very difficult for people who are pushing claims that contradict that paradigm to get a hearing. They’ll find it hard to [get] research grants; they’ll find it hard to get their research published; they’ll find it very hard.,Prof. Evelleen Richards,"Historian of Science at the University of NSW, Australia",,
No Acceptable Theory of Evolution,"We have no acceptable theory of evolution at the present time. There is none; and I cannot accept the theory that I teach to my students each year. Let me explain: 
    I teach the synthetic theory known as the neo-Darwinian one, for one reason only; not because it's good, we know it is bad, but because there isn't any other. 
    Whilst waiting to find something better you are taught something which is known to be inexact, which is a first approximation.",Professor Jerome Lejeune,Internationally recognised geneticist at a lecture given in Paris ,,
A Return to Aristotle?,"Aristotle believed that decaying material could be transformed by the 'spontaneous action of Nature' into living animals. 
     
    His hypothesis was ultimately rejected, but Aristotle’s hypothesis has been replaced by another spontaneous generation hypothesis, one that requires billions of years to go from the molecules of the universe to cells, and then, via random mutation/natural selection, from cells to the variety of organisms living today. 
     
    This version, which postulates chance happenings eventually leading to the phenomenon of life, is biology’s Theory of Evolution.",Wynn and Wiggins,"1997, p. 105",,
Not Discouraging To True Believers,"The origin of life by chance in a primeval soup is impossible in probability in the same way that a perpetual machine is in probability. 
    The extremely small probabilities calculated in this chapter are not discouraging to true believers … [however] A practical person must conclude that life didn’t happen by chance.",Hubert Yockey,"'Information Theory and Molecular Biology', Cambridge University Press, 1992, p. 257",,
No Soup?,"The likelihood of the formation of life from inanimate matter is one to a number with 40,000 noughts after it... It is big enough to bury Darwin and the whole theory of Evolution. 
    There was no primeval soup, neither on this planet nor on any other, and if the beginnings of life were not random, they must therefore have been the product of purposeful intelligence.",Sir Fred Hoyle,Respected British physicist and astronomer,,
"Ask 'Why?', not just 'How?'","It seems to me that when confronted with the marvels of life and the universe, one must ask why and not just how. 
    The only possible answers are religious. . . . I find a need for God in the universe and in my own life.",Arthur L. Schawlow,"(Professor of Physics at Stanford University, 1981 Nobel Prize in physics): Margenau, H. and R. A. Varghese, eds. Cosmos, Bios, Theos: Scientists Reflect on Science, God, and the Origins of the Universe, Life, and Homo Sapiens (Open Court Pub. Co., La Salle, IL, 1992)",,
Monkey Hordes,"No matter how large the environment one considers, life cannot have had a random beginning. Troops of monkeys thundering away at random typewriters could not produce the works of Shakespeare, for the practical reason that the whole observable universe is not large enough to contain the necessary monkey hordes, the necessary typewriters, and certainly the waste paper baskets required for the deposition of wrong attempts. 
    The same is true for living material.",Fred Hoyle and Chandra Wickramasinghe,"Evolution from Space, p. 148.",,
Where Are The Stages?,"There is no more conclusive refutation of Darwinism than that furnished by palaeontology. Simple probability indicates that fossil hoards can only be test samples. Each sample, then, should represent a different stage of evolution, and there ought to be merely 'transitional' types, no definition and no species. 
     
    Instead of this we find perfectly stable and unaltered forms persevering through long ages, forms that have not developed themselves on the fitness principle, but appear suddenly and at once in their definitive shape; that do not thereafter evolve towards better adaptation, but become rarer and finally disappear, while quite different forms crop up again. 
     
    What unfolds itself, in ever-increasing richness of form, is the great classes and kinds of living beings which exist aboriginally and exist still, without transition types, in the grouping of today.",Oswald Spengler,"The Decline of The West: An Abridged Edition,' [1926], Oxford University Press: New York NY, 1991, p.231. (Emphasis in original)",,
Trade Secret,"In 10 million years, a human-like species could substitute no more than 25,000 expressed neutral mutations and this is merely 0.0007% of the genome — nowhere near enough to account for human evolution. 
    This is the trade secret of evolutionary geneticists.",Walter James ReMine,The Biotic Message : Evolution versus Message Theory,,
Inconsistent With Gradualism,"Paleontologists have paid an enormous price for Darwin's argument. We fancy ourselves as the only true students of life's history, yet to preserve our favored account of evolution by natural selection we view our data as so bad that we almost never see the very process we profess to study. 
    The history of most fossil species includes two features inconsistent with gradualism: 
     
    1. Stasis. Most species exhibit no directional change during their tenure on earth. They appear in the fossil record looking much the same as when they disappear. 
     
    2. Sudden Appearance. In any local area, a species does not arise gradually by the steady transformation of its ancestors; it appears all at once and 'fully formed'.",Stephen Jay Gould,"Prof of Geology and Paleontology, Harvard University. The Panda's Thumb, 1980, p. 181-182",,
Injurious To The Race,"Vaccination has preserved thousands, who from a weak constitution would formerly have succumbed to small-pox. 
    Thus the weak members of civilized societies propagate their kind. This must be highly injurious to the race of man. 
    It is surprising how soon a want of care, or care wrongly directed, leads to the degeneration of a domestic race.",Charles Darwin,"'The Descent of Man', vol. I, p. 168.",,
Transcendent To This Universe,"I, as a scientist, must postulate a source of information to supply the teleonomy or know-how. 
    I don't find it in the universe, and, therefore, I assume that it is transcendent to this universe...",Arthur E Wilder-Smith,"Ph.D.,D.Sc.,Dr.es.Sc., 'The Natural Sciences Know Nothing of Evolution' (Santee, California: Master Books, p.154). ",,
Micro-Miniature Factories,"Even though the tiniest bacterial cells are incredibly small, weighing under 10-12 grams, each bacterium is a veritable micro-miniaturized factory containing thousands of exquisitely designed pieces of intricate molecular machinery, made up altogether of one hundred thousand million atoms, far more complicated than any machine built by man and absolutely without parallel in the non-living world.",Denton,"1986, p.250"
Paleontological Cold Fusion?,"The idea of feathered dinosaurs and the theropod origin of birds is being actively promulgated by a cadre of zealous scientists acting in concert with certain editors at Nature and National Geographic who themselves have become outspoken and highly biased proselytizers of the faith. 
    Truth and careful scientific weighing of evidence have been among the first casualties in their program, which is now fast becoming one of the grander scientific hoaxes of our age — the paleontological equivalent of cold fusion.",Dr. Storrs Olson,"Curator of Birds at the National Museum of Natural History of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC"
Which 'fact' is true?,"Spontaneous generation was disproved by the careful studies of Redi (1688), Spallanzani (1780), Pasteur (1860) and Virchow (1858). These brilliant men conducted careful experiments that looked beyond superficial appearance. They proved that when matter was presterilised and sealed off from possible biological contamination, no life arose; hence, no spontaneous generation. 
    The work of these men and others have established the law of biogenesis: life comes only from pre-existing life and will only perpetuate its own kind. Clearly, this law precludes the spontaneous generation and transmutation of life. 
    How paradoxical it is that students are first taught the greatness of the disproof of spontaneous generation! Then they learn the fact"" that spontaneous generation was the evolutionary mechanism by which life arose!""","Scott M. Huges, PH.D",
Can't Get No Satisfaction,"The 'modern evolutionary synthesis' convinced most biologists that natural selection was the only directive influence on adaptive evolution. 
    Today, however, dissatisfaction with the synthesis is widespread, and creationists and antidarwinians are multiplying. 
    The central problem with the synthesis is its failure to show (or to provide distinct signs) that natural selection of random mutations could account for observed levels of adaptation.","Egbert G. Leigh, Jr.","Biologist, Smithsonian Institution, USA, 'The modern synthesis, Ronald Fisher and creationism,' Trends in Ecology and Evolution, Vol. 14, No. 12, pp.495-498, December 1999, p.495)"
An Honest Man,"An honest man, armed with all the knowledge available to us now, could only state that in some sense, the origin of life appears at the moment to be almost a miracle, so many are the conditions which would have had to have been satisfied to get it going.",Francis Crick,"Life Itself (1981), p. 88."
Psychological Reasons,"Once we see, however, that the probability of life originating at random is so utterly minuscule as to make it absurd, it becomes sensible to think that the favourable properties of physics on which life depends are in every respect deliberate.... 
    It is therefore almost inevitable that our own measure of intelligence must reflect ...higher intelligences...even to the limit of God...such a theory is so obvious that one wonders why it is not widely accepted as being self-evident. 
    The reasons are psychological rather than scientific.",Sir Fredrick Hoyle and Chandra Wickramasinghe,"'Evolution from Space', p. 130"
The Deficiencies Are Real.,"It is not even possible to make a caricature of evolution out of palaeobiological facts. The fossil material is now so complete that the lack of transitional series cannot be explained by the scarcity of the material. 
    The deficiencies are real, they will never be filled.",N. Heiribert-Nilsson,"Professor, Lund University, Sweden. Synthetische Artbildung (The Synthetic Origin of Species) (1953), p. 1212."
Nagging Problem,"The absence of fossil evidence for intermediary stages between major transitions in organic design, indeed our inability, even in our imagination, to construct functional intermediates in many cases, has been a persistent and nagging problem for gradualistic accounts of evolution.",Professor Stephen Jay Gould,1980
The Theory Does Not Stand Up At All,"I have always been slightly suspicious of the theory of evolution because of its ability to account for any property of living beings (the long neck of the giraffe, for example). 
    I have therefore tried to see whether biological discoveries over the last thirty years or so fit in with Darwin's theory. I do not think that they do. 
    To my mind, the theory does not stand up at all.",H. Lipson,"'A Physicist Looks at Evolution,' Physics Bulletin, 31 (1980), p. 138."
Beyond our Comprehension,"Now we know that the cell itself is far more complex than we had imagined. It includes thousands of functioning enzymes, each one of them a complex machine in itself. Furthermore, each enzyme comes into being in response to a gene, a strand of DNA. The information content of the gene (it's complexity) must be as great as that of the enzyme it controls. 
     
    A medium protein might include about 300 amino acids. The DNA gene controlling this would have about 1,000 nucleotides in its chain, one consisting of a 1,000 links could exist in 41000 different forms. Using a little algebra (logarithms) we can see that 41000 = 10600. Ten multiplied by itself 600 times gives us the figure '1' followed by 600 zeros! This number is completely beyond our comprehension.",Frank Salisbury,Evolutionary biologist
Universe filled with Garbage?,"Many varieties of these particles [that would comprise dark matter left over from the big bang] are predicted by theories of high-energy physics. But their existence has not been confirmed or detected in particle accelerators. 
    We theorists can invent all sorts of garbage to fill the universe.",Dr. Sheldon Glashow,"Harvard physicist and Nobel laureate, seminar on dark matter in 1981"
Outside Mathematical Theory,"There you do come to what is, in effect, a vacuous statement: Natural selection is that some things leave more offspring than others; and it is those that leave more offspring [that are being naturally selected], and there is nothing more to it than that. 
    The whole real guts of evolution—which is how do you come to have horses and tigers and things—is outside the mathematical theory.",C.H. Waddington,"Quoted by Tom Bethell, in 'Darwin's Mistake,' Harper's Magazine, February 1976, p. 75. "
The Real Deal,"The driving force behind Darwin's theory of origins was blatant racism, not science. Remember, the evidence that Darwin was a racist is easily discovered, he did not hide it. It can be seen in the subtitle selected for his 'The Origin of Species'. The words he chose to describe his effort were: 'The Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life'. That should be enough for anyone. Darwin was out to prove the superiority of the white race over the black. That goal was at the core of his stated thesis! He had an agenda, and that agenda was not scientific.",Mike Carrier,"(MA, NYU--Graduate School of Arts and Science)"
Some Other Process,"So Darwin's assumption that the tree of life is a consequence of the gradual accumulation of small hereditary differences appears to be without significant support. 
    Some other process is responsible for the emergent properties of life, those distinctive features that separate one group of organisms from another, such as fishes and amphibians, worms and insects, horsetails and grasses.",Brian Goodwin,"Professor of Biology, Open University, UK, 'How The Leopard Changed Its Spots: The Evolution of Complexity,' [1994], Phoenix: London, 1995, reprint, p.x)"
Necessary Faith,"The more one studies palaeontology, the more certain one becomes that evolution is based on faith alone; exactly the same sort of faith which it is necessary to have when one encounters the great mysteries of religion.",Louis T. More,"Late Professor of Physics, University of Cincinnati, USA, 'The Dogma of Evolution,' Princeton University Press: Princeton NJ, 1925, Second Printing, p.160"
Unthinkable!,Evolution is unproved and unprovable. We believe it only because the only alternative is special creation which is unthinkable.,Sir Arthur Keith,Physical Anthropologist and Anatomist. 
Evidence Not Available,"It is therefore a matter of faith, on the part of the biologist, that biogenesis did occur and he can choose whatever method of biogenesis happens to suit him personally; the evidence of what did happen is not available.",G.A. Kerkut,"Implications of Evolution (1960), p. 150."
Which came first?,"Did the code and the means of translating it appear simultaneously in evolution? It seems almost incredible that any such coincidence could have occurred, given the extraordinary complexities of both sides and the requirement that they be coordinated accurately for survival. 
    By a pre-Darwinian (or a skeptic of evolution after Darwin) this puzzle would surely have been interpreted as the MOST POWERFUL sort of EVIDENCE for special creation.",Caryl Haskins,President of the Carnegie Institute of Washington
What happened to me?,"I was a young man with unformed ideas. I threw out queries, suggestions, wondering all the time over everything; and to my astonishment the ideas took like wildfire. People made a religion out of them!",Charles Darwin,
No Useful Purpose,I have said for years that speculations about the origin of life lead to no useful purpose as even the simplest living system is far too complex to be understood in terms of the extremely primitive chemistry scientists have used in their attempts to explain the unexplainable that happened billions of years ago.,Ernst Chain,"Nobel Prize for Physiology & Medicine, 1945: Penicillin and Beyond,' Weidenfeld & Nicolson: London, 1985, p.148"
More Than A Myth?,"Considering its historic significance and the social and moral transformation it caused in western thought, one might have hoped that Darwinian theory ... a theory of such cardinal importance, a theory that literally changed the world, would have been something more than metaphysics, something more than a myth.",Michael Denton,"Molecular Biologist. 'Evolution: A Theory in Crisis'. Adler and Adler, p. 358"
Beggars The Imagination,"Two points of principle are worth emphasis. The first is that the usually supposed logical inevitability of the theory of evolution by natural selection is quite incorrect. There is no inevitability, just the reverse. 
    It is only when the present asexual model is changed to the sophisticated model of sexual reproduction accompanied by crossover that the theory can be made to work, even in the limited degree to be discussed .... 
    This presents an insuperable problem for the notion that life arose out of an abiological organic soup through the development of a primitive replicating system. A primitive replicating system could not have copied itself with anything like the fidelity of present-day systems .... 
    With only poor copying fidelity, a primitive system could carry little genetic information without L [the mutation rate] becoming unbearably large, and how a primitive system could then improve its fidelity and also evolve into a sexual system with crossover beggars the imagination.",Fred Hoyle,"Late mathematician, physicist and Professor of Astronomy, Cambridge University"
Any Old Bone Will Do,"(An) old piece of bone that was thought to be a collarbone of a humanlike creature is actually part of a dolphin rib... 
     
    The problem with a lot of anthropologists is that they want so much to find a hominid that any scrap of bone becomes a hominid bone.",Dr. Tim White,"Evolutionary anthropologist. University of California at Berkeley. New Scientist, p. 199"
The Fundamental Concept,"The problem of the origin of life is clearly basically equivalent to the problem of the origin of biological information. 
    In accordance with this, the idea of biological information emerges as the fundamental concept in the physicochemical theory of the origin of life.",Bernd-Olaf Kuppers,"Researcher, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 'Information and the Origin of Life,' [1986], MIT Press: Cambridge MA, 1990, p.170. Emphasis in original.)."
Difficulty Seeing Evolution,"Despite the bright promise that paleontology provides a means of 'seeing' evolution, it has presented some nasty difficulties for evolutionists, the most notorious of which is the presence of 'gaps' in the fossil record. 
     
    Evolution requires intermediate forms between species and paleontology does not provide them.","David B. Kitts, PhD(Zoology)","Head Curator, Dep. of Geology, Stoval Museum. Evolution, vol 28, p 467"
Material World Cannot Produce Transitions,"Furthermore, on the pure philosophical plane, the Darwinian doctrine of evolution involves some difficulties which Darwin and Huxley were unable to appreciate. 
     
    Between the organism that simply lives, the organism that lives and feels, and the organism that lives, feels, and reasons, there are, in the opinion of respectable philosophers, abrupt transitions corresponding to an ascent in the scale of being, and they hold that the agencies of the material world cannot produce transitions of this kind.",W. R. Thompson,"Entomologist and Director of the Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Ottawa, Canada"
Where Are They?,Sometimes I think the surest sign that intelligent life exists elsewhere in the universe is that none of it has tried to contact us.,Calvin,Calvin & Hobbes
Read You Like A Book!,"A DNA molecule essentiality transmits information to a developing cell. Similarly, a book transmits information. But the transmission of the information cannot be represented in terms of chemical and physical principles. In other words, the operation of the book is not reducible to chemical terms. 
     
    Since DNA operates by transmission of (genetic) information, its function cannot be described by chemical laws either. The life process is essentially the development of a fertilized cell, as the result of information imparted by DNA. 
     
    Transmission of this information is nonchemical and nonphysical, and is the controlling factor in the life process. The description of a living system therefore transcends the chemical and physical laws which govern its constituents.",Michael Polanyi,"Hungarian chemist and philosopher, 'Life Transcending Physics and Chemistry,' Chemical & Engineering News, Vol. 45, No. 35, August 21, 1967, pp.54-66, p.56"
If Only...,"The fossil record pertaining to man is still so sparsely known that those who insist on positive declarations can do nothing more than jump from one hazardous surmise to another and hope that the next dramatic discovery does not make them utter fools... 
     
    As we have seen, there are numerous scientists and popularisers today who have the temerity to tell us that there is 'no doubt' how man originated. If only they had the evidence.",William R. Fix,"The Bone Peddlers (Macmillan), pp. 150"
So Much For The Facts,"In fact the a priori reasoning is so entirely satisfactory to me that if the facts won't fit in, why, 'so much the worse for the facts' is my feeling.",Erasmus Darwin,"In a letter to his brother Charles, after reading his new book, 'The Origin of Species: The Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life' in Darwin, F., ed., 'The Life of Charles Darwin,' [1902], Senate: London, 1995, reprint, p215"
Chapter 9,"Darwin's early scientific experience was primarily as a geologist, and much of what he had to say about the nature of the fossil record was an accurate and insightful early contribution to our understanding of the vagaries of deposition and the preservation of fossils. 
    But his Chapter 9 ('Origin of the Species') on the imperfections of the geological record is one long ad hoc, special-pleading argument designed to rationalize, to flat-out explain away, the differences between what he saw as logical predictions derived from his theory and the facts of the fossil record.",Niles Eldredge,"Chairman and Curator of Invertebrates, American Museum of Natural History. 'Time Frames: The Rethinking of Darwinian Evolution and the Theory of Punctuated Equilibria,' Simon & Schuster: New York, 1985, pp.27-28"
Empirical Approach,"...contrary to what is widely assumed by evolutionary biologists today, it has always been the anti-evolutionists, not the evolutionists, in the scientific community who have stuck rigidly to the facts and adhered to a more strictly empirical approach.",Dr. Michael Denton,"Evolution: A Theory in Crisis (London: Burnett Books, 1985), p. 353, 354."
Hardly More Than A Postulate,"The basic framework of the theory is that evolution is a two-stage phenomenon the production of variation and the sorting of the variants by natural selection. 
    Yet agreement on this basic thesis does not mean that the work of the evolutionist is completed. The basic theory is in many instances hardly more than a postulate and its application raises numerous questions in almost every concrete case.",Ernst Mayr,"Emeritus Professor of Zoology, Harvard University, 'Populations, Species and Evolution,' [1963], Harvard University Press: Cambridge MA, 1974, reprint, p6) "
Divisions In The Organic World,"This notion of species as 'natural kinds' fits splendidly with creationist tenets of a pre-Darwinian age. Louis Agassiz, even argued that species are God's individual thoughts, made incarnate so that we might perceive both His majesty and His message. Species, Agassiz wrote, are 'instituted by Divine Intelligence as the categories of His mode of thinking'. 
    But how could a division of the organic world into discrete entities be justified by an evolutionary theory that proclaimed ceaseless change as the fundamental fact of nature?",Stephen Jay Gould,"Professor of Geology and Paleontology, Harvard University, 'A quahog is a quahog', Natural History vol LXXXVIII(7), August-September, 1979, p. 18) "
Only Logical Answer,"From my earliest training as a scientist, I was very strongly brainwashed to believe that science cannot be consistent with any kind of deliberate creation. 
    That notion has had to be painfully shed. At the moment, I can't find any rational argument to knock down the view which argues for conversion to God. We used to have an open mind; now we realize that the only logical answer to life is creation—and not accidental random shuffling.",C. Wickramasinghe,"Professor of Applied Math & Astronomy, University College, Cardiff. Interview in London Daily Express (August 14, 1981)"
Priesthood Of Professional Scientists,"The theory of evolution by natural selection is not a difficult concept to grasp, and Charles Darwin addressed The Origin of Species itself to a general audience. But neither is it self-evident to many people that natural selection can fully account for the world they observe. 
    Thus when questions about the theory arise in public forums, the scientific community would do much better in the long run to patiently list supporting facts and frankly admit where positive evidence is lacking, rather than paternalistically maintaining that an understanding of the theory of evolution is reserved for the priesthood of professional scientists.",M.J. Behe,"'Understanding Evolution', Letters, Science, 30 August 1991"
Grave Defects,"The theory of evolution suffers from grave defects, which are more and more apparent as time advances. It can no longer square with practical scientific knowledge.",Dr A. Fleishmann,"Zoologist, Erlangen University"
No Physical Evidence,"Our hypothetical nucleic acid synthesis system is therefore analogous to the scaffolding used in the construction of a building. After the building has been erected the scaffolding is removed, leaving no physical evidence that it was ever there. 
    Most of the statements in this section must therefore be taken as educated guesses. Without having witnessed the event, it seems unlikely that we shall ever be certain of how life arose.",D. Voet & J. G. Voet,"'Biochemistry', John Wiley and Sons: New York, 1995 p23 (emphasis in the original) "
The paradigm takes precedence!,"To the skeptic, the proposition that the genetic programmes of higher organisms, consisting of something close to a thousand million bits of information, equivalent to the sequence of letters in a small library of one thousand volumes, containing in encoded form countless thousands of intricate algorithms controlling, specifying, and ordering the growth and development of billions and billions of cells into the form of a complex organism, were composed by a purely random process is simply an affront to reason. 
    But to the Darwinist, the idea is accepted without a ripple of doubt - the paradigm takes precedence!",Michael Denton,"Evolution: A Theory in Crisis. London: Burnett Books, 1985, p. 351."
Definition,Biology is the study of complicated things that give the appearance of having been designed for a purpose.,Richard Dawkins,"Zoologist, and Professor for the Public Understanding of Science, Oxford University, 'The Blind Watchmaker,' [1986], Penguin: London, 1991, reprint, p.1"
If Naturalism Were True,"Every particular thought (whether it is a judgment of fact or a judgment of value) is always and by all men discounted the moment they believe that it can be explained, without remainder, as the result of irrational causes. 
    Whenever you know what the other man is saying is wholly due to his complexes or to a bit of bone pressing on his brain, you cease to attach any importance to it. 
    But if naturalism were true, then all thoughts whatever would be wholly the result of irrational causes. Therefore, all thoughts would be equally worthless. Therefore, naturalism is worthless. If it is true, then we can know no truths. It cuts its own throat.",C.S. Lewis,Religion Without Dogma?
Committed To A Sinking Ship,"No. It is not Christianity which need fear the giant universe. It is the creative evolutionist ... who should tremble when he looks up at the night sky. For he really is committed to a sinking ship. 
    He really is attempting to ignore the discovered nature of things, as though by concentrating on the possibly upward trend in a single planet he could make himself forget the inevitable downward trend in the universe as a whole, the trend to low temperatures and irrevocable disorganization. 
    For entropy is the real cosmic wave, and evolution only a momentary tellurian ripple within it.",C.S. Lewis,"From the essay, 'Dogma and the Universe'"
Descendants NOT Better Adapted,"Instead of finding the gradual unfolding of life, what geologists of Darwin's time, and geologists of the present day actually find is a highly uneven or jerky record; that is, species appear in the sequence very suddenly, show little or no change during their existence in the record, then abruptly go out of the record. and it is not always clear, in fact it's rarely clear, that the descendants were actually better adapted than their predecessors. 
    In other words, biological improvement is hard to find.",David M. Raup,"'Conflicts Between Darwin and Paleontology', Bulletin, Field Museum of Natural History, vol. 50, 1979, p. 23"
My Goal,"The significance and joy in my science comes in those occasional moments of discovering something new and saying to myself, 'So that's how God did it.' 
    My goal is to understand a little corner of God's plan.","Henry Fritz"" Schaefer""","Director of the Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry at the University of Georgia and Graham Perdue Professor of Chemistry. J.L. Sheler and J.M. Schrof, 'The Creation', U.S. News & World Report (December 23, 1991):56-64."
Remarkably Limited Power,"For while natural selection is often touted as a force of almost arbitrary power, I have increasingly come to believe that in fact its power is remarkably limited. And indeed, what I suspect is that in the end natural selection can only operate in a meaningful way on systems or parts of systems whose behavior is in some sense quite simple. 
    If a particular part of an organism always grows, say, in a simple straight line, then it is fairly easy to imagine that natural selection could succeed in picking out the optimal length for any given environment. But what if an organism can grow in a more complex way, say like in the pictures on the previous page? 
    My strong suspicion is that in such a case natural selection will normally be able to achieve very little.",Steven Wolfram,"Mathematician. 'A New Kind of Science,' Wolfram Media: Champaign IL, 2002, First edition. Third printing, pp.391-392"
Developed Species Suddenly Appeared!,"The creation account in Genesis and the theory of evolution could not be reconciled. One must be right and the other wrong. The story of the fossils agreed with the account of Genesis. 
    In the oldest rocks we did not find a series of fossils covering the gradual changes from the most primitive creatures to developed forms, but rather in the oldest rocks developed species suddenly appeared. 
    Between every species there was a complete absence of intermediate fossils.",D.B. Gower,"Biochemist, 'Scientist Rejects Evolution,' Kentish Times, England, December 11, 1975, p. 4."
Hunches and Pipe Dreams,"Unfortunately, in the field of evolution most explanations are not good. As a matter of fact, they hardly qualify as explanations at all; they are suggestions, hunches, pipe dreams, hardly worthy of being called hypotheses.",Norman Macbeth,"Darwin Retried (1971), p. 147."
Fact And Fiction Intermingled,"This general tendency to eliminate, by means of unverifiable speculations, the limits of the categories Nature presents to us, is the inheritance of biology from The Origin of Species. 
    To establish the continuity required by theory, historical arguments are invoked, even though historical evidence is lacking. Thus are engendered those fragile towers of hypothesis based on hypothesis, where fact and fiction intermingle in an inextricable confusion.",W.R. Thompson,"'Introduction,' to Everyman's Library issue of Charles Darwin's, 'Origin of Species: The Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life' (1956 edition)."
Warning!,"Karl Popper warns of a danger: 'A theory, even a scientific theory, may become an intellectual fashion, a substitute for religion, an entrenched dogma.' 
    This has certainly been true of evolutionary theory.",Colin Patterson,"Senior Palaeontologist. British Museum of Natural History, London. Evolution (1977), p. 150."
Despite Biologists’ Best Efforts,"Not long ago, we thought we knew how species formed. We believed that the process almost always started with complete isolation of populations. It often occurred after a population had gone through a severe 'genetic bottleneck', as might happen after a pregnant female was swept off to a remote island and her offspring mated with each other. 
    The beauty of this so-called 'founder effect' model was that it could be tested in the lab. In reality, it just didn’t hold up. 
    Despite biologists’ best efforts, nobody has even got close to creating a new species from a founder population. 
    What’s more, as far as we know, no new species has formed as a result of humans releasing small numbers of organisms into alien environments.",George Turner,"'How Are New Species Formed?', New Scientist, June 14, 2003, p.36"
Can't Stand Up,The explanatory doctrines of biological evolution do not stand up to an in-depth criticism.,Pierre P. Grasse,"Editor of the 28 volumes of 'Traite de Zoologie', considered to be the most distinguished of French zoologists"
The Dumb Inventor,"If it is supposed that man himself was the inventor [of language], then he should already, before the invention of speech, have made use of another kind of language. 
    Man must have been clever and resourceful without possessing speech, and this is evidently impossible. 
    Then only God's intelligence remains.",Johann Peter Sussmilch,On the Origin of Language (1707-1767)
Theories Mold the Facts,"The facts must mold the theories, not the theories the facts — I am most critical of my biologist friends in this matter. 
    Try telling a biologist that, impartially judged among other accepted theories of science, such as the theory of relativity, it seems to you that the theory of natural selection has a very uncertain, hypothetical status, and watch his reaction. I'll bet you that he gets red in the face. 
    This is 'religion', not 'science', with him.",Burton,"'The Human Side of the Physiologist: Prejudice and Poetry,' Physiologist 2"
Devoted To A Fantasy,"Often a cold shudder has run through me, and I have asked myself whether I may have not devoted myself to a fantasy.",Charles Darwin,"Life and Letters, 1887, Vol. 2, p. 229"
Minority Report:,Scientists who utterly reject Evolution may be one of our fastest growing controversial minorities... Many of the scientists supporting this position hold impressive credentials in science.,Larry Hatfield,"'Educators Against Darwin'. Science Digest Special, Winter, pp. 94-96"
Imperfection of the Geological Record,"As by this theory, innumerable transition forms must have existed. Why do we not find them imbedded in the crust of the earth? Why is all nature not in confusion instead as we see them, well defined species? 
    Geological research does not yield the infinity many fine gradations between past and present species required by the theory: and this is the most obvious of the many objections which may be argued against it. The explanation lies, however, in the extreme imperfection of the geological record.",Charles Darwin,
Tough Old Bugs!,"Scientists at the University of Alberta have revived bacteria from members of the historic Franklin expedition who mysteriously perished in the Arctic nearly 150 years ago. 
     
    'Not only are the six strains of bacteria almost certainly the oldest ever revived', says medical microbiologist Dr. Kinga Kowalewska-Grochowska, 'three of them also happen to be resistant to antibiotics.' 
     
    In this case, the antibiotics clindamycin and cefoxitin, both of which developed more than a century after the men died, were among those used.",Ed Struzik and Dr. Kinga Kowalewska-Grochowska,"'Ancient bacteria revived', Sunday Herald, 16 Sept. 1990 "
Lack Of Results Unforgivable,"One hundred and fifty years have already passed during which it has been said that the evolution of the species is a fact but, without giving real proofs of it and without even a principle of explaining it. 
    This lack of results is unforgivable in a day when molecular biology has really opened the veil covering the mystery of reproduction and heredity.",G. Salet,Hasard et Certitude: Le Transformisme devant la Biologie Actuelle (1973)
Random Mutations Irrelevant,...the educated public continues to believe that Darwin has provided all the relevant answers by the magic formula of random mutation plus natural selection – quite unaware of the fact that random mutations turned out to be irrelevant and natural selection a tautology.,Arthur Koestler,"Soldier, writer and philosopher"
Abnormal Science,"The success of Darwinism was accompanied by a decline in scientific integrity. 
    This situation, where scientific men rally to the defence of a doctrine they are unable to define scientifically, much less demonstrate with scientific rigour, attempting to maintain its credit with the public by the suppression of criticism and the elimination of difficulties, is abnormal and undesirable in science.",Professor W. R. Thompson,Introduction to the 1956 reprint of 'The Origin of Species: The Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life'
Miraculous,"If complex organisms ever did evolve from simpler ones, the process took place contrary to the laws of nature, and must have involved what may rightly be termed the miraculous.",R.E.D. Clark,"Victoria Institute (1943), p. 63. "
The Cell,"It is astonishing to think that this remarkable piece of machinery, which possesses the ultimate capacity to construct every living thing that ever existed on Earth, from giant redwood to the human brain, can construct all its own components in a matter of minutes and weigh less than 10-16 grams. It is of the order of several thousand million million times smaller than the smallest piece of functional machinery ever constructed by man.",Michael Denton,Molecular Biologist. Evolution: A Theory in Crisis. Adler and Adler.
The Worst Mistake In Science,"In a certain sense, the debate transcends the confrontation between evolutionists and creationists. We now have a debate within the scientific community itself; it is a confrontation between scientific objectivity and ingrained prejudice - between logic and emotion - between fact and fiction. 
     
    In the final analysis, objective scientific logic has to prevail - no matter what the final result is - no matter how many time-honoured idols have to be discarded in the process. 
     
    After all, it is not the duty of science to defend the theory of evolution, and stick by it to the bitter end - no matter what illogical and unsupported conclusions it offers.... if in the process of impartial scientific logic, they find that creation by outside superintelligence is the solution to our quandary, then let's cut the umbilical cord that tied us down to Darwin for such a long time. It is choking us and holding us back. 
     
    Every single concept advanced by the theory of evolution (and amended thereafter) is imaginary as it is not supported by the scientifically established facts of microbiology, fossils, and mathematical probability concepts. Darwin was wrong. 
     
    The theory of evolution may be the worst mistake made in science.",I. L. Cohen,"Mathematician, Researcher, Author, Member New York Academy of Sciences. Officer of the Archaeological Institute of America."
Proteins: Super Molecules!,"In the entire realm of science no class of molecule is currently known which can remotely compete with proteins. 
     
    It seems increasingly unlikely that the abilities of proteins could be realized to the same degree in any other material form. Proteins are not only unique, but give every impression of being ideally adapted for their role as the universal constructor devices of the cell. 
     
    Again, we have an example in which the only feasible candidate for a particular biological role gives every impression of being supremely fit for that role.",Denton,"1998, p. 188, emphasis in original"
Naturally Generated Intelligence?,"If there is no means to discern whether something has been intelligently designed, on what basis do paleontologists and archaeologists regularly conclude that markings, structures, and various artifacts were intelligently designed? 
    Does not the search for extraterrestrial intelligence depend on the assumption that intelligently generated radio signals can be distinguished from naturally generated ones?",Ashby L. Camp,"'A Response to Priests Of Scientific Orthodoxy', in Human Events, Sept. 25, 2000) "
Simply Not The Case,"In the years after Darwin, his advocates hoped to find predictable progressions. In general. these have not been found-yet the optimism has died hard and some pure fantasy has crept into textbooks. 
    This is illustrated by other statements in the Root-Bernstein letter, such as: 'Evolution postdicts certain immutable trends of progressive change that can be falsified.' 
    This is simply not the case!",David M. Raup,"Professor of Geology, University of Chicago, 'Evolution and the Fossil Record,' Science, Vol. 213, No. 4505, 17 July 1981, p.289"
Explaining The Unexplainable,"I would rather believe in fairy tales than in such wild speculation. I have said for years that speculations about the origin of life lead to no useful purpose as even the simplest living system is far too complex to be understood in terms of the extremely primitive chemistry scientists have used in their attempts to explain the unexplainable. 
    God cannot be explained away by such naive thoughts.",Sir Ernst B. Chain,"Nobel Laureate (Medicine, 1945), as quoted by Ronald W. Clark, The Life of Ernst Chain (London: Weidenfield & Nicolson, 1985), pp. 147-148"
Nature = Matter + Energy + Information,"Evidently nature can no longer be seen as matter and energy alone. Nor can all her secrets be unlocked with the keys of chemistry and physics, brilliantly successful as these two branches of science have been in our century. 
    A third component is needed for any explanation of the world that claims to be complete. To the powerful theories of chemistry and physics must be added a late arrival: a theory of information. 
    Nature must be interpreted as matter, energy, and information.",Jeremy C. Campbell,"Journalist, 'Grammatical Man: Information, Entropy, Language and Life,' [1982], Penguin Books: Harmondsworth, Middlesex UK, 1984, reprint, p.16"
Still Missing After All These Years,"Many well qualified scientists of the highest standing would today accept many of Wilberforce's criticims of Darwin. 
    Missing links in the sequence of fossil evidence were a worry to Darwin. He felt sure they would eventually turn up, but they are still missing and seem likely to remain so.",Professor Sir Edmund Leech,"Addresing the 1981 annual meeting of the British Association for the advancement of Science, 'Men, bishop. and apes'. Nature vol 293, 3 Sep. 1981, p. 19 and 20"
Darwin was embarrassed ...,"... by the fossil record and we are now about 120-years after Darwin and the knowledge of the fossil record has been greatly expanded. 
     
     We now have a quarter of a million fossil species but the situation hasn't changed much. 
     
     The record of evolution is still surprisingly jerky and, ironically, some of the classic cases of Darwinian change in the fossil record, such as the evolution of the horse in North America, have had to be discarded or modified as a result of more detailed information.",David M. Raup,"Curator of Geology. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago 'Conflicts Between Darwin and Paleontology'. Field Museum of Natural History. Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 25"
The Central Dogma,"The transfer of information from nucleic acid to nucleic acid, or from nucleic acid to protein may be possible, but transfer from protein to protein, or from protein to nucleic acid is impossible.",Francis Crick,"'Central Dogma,' quoted in Richard Milner, Encyclopedia of Evolution (1990), p. 77."
Animal Rights,"Darwinism can be used to back up two mad moralities, but it cannot be used to back up a single sane one. The kinship and competition of all living creatures can be used as a reason for being insanely cruel or insanely sentimental; but not for a healthy love of animals. 
    That you and a tiger are one may be a reason for being tender to a tiger. Or it may be a reason for being cruel as the tiger. It is one way to train the tiger to imitate you, it is a shorter way to imitate the tiger. But in neither case does evolution tell you how to treat a tiger reasonably, that is, to admire his stripes while avoiding his claws. 
    If you want to treat a tiger reasonably, you must go back to the garden of Eden. For the obstinate reminder continues to recur: only the supernaturalist has taken a sane view of Nature.",G. K. Chesterton,"'Orthodoxy', John Lane, London, pp. 204-205, 1927. "
Away From Classical Darwinism,"Evidence from fossils now points overwhelmingly away from the classical Darwinism which most Americans learned in high school. The missing link between man and the apes is merely the most glamorous of a whole hierarchy of phantom creatures. 
    In the fossil record, missing links are the rule. The more scientists have searched for the transitional forms between species, the more they have been frustrated.",Newsweek,3-Nov-80
Our Measure of Intelligence,"Once we see, however, that the probability of life originating at random is so utterly minuscule as to make it absurd, it becomes sensible to think that the favourable properties of physics, on which life depends, are in every respect deliberate... 
     
    It is almost inevitable that our own measure of intelligence must reflect higher intelligence.",Sir Fredrick Hoyle and Chandra Wickramasinghe,
Mutations Don't Produce Evolution,"Some contemporary biologists, as soon as they observe a mutation, talk about evolution. They are implicitly supporting the following syllogism: mutations are the only evolutionary variations, all living beings undergo mutations, therefore all living beings evolve. 
    This logical scheme is, however, unacceptable: first, because its major premise is neither obvious nor general; second, because its conclusion does not agree with the facts. 
    No matter how numerous they may be, mutations do not produce any kind of evolution.",Pierre-P. Grasse,"Editor of the 28-volume 'Traite de Zoologie,' for 30 years the Chair of Evolution, Sorbonne University, and ex-president of the French Academie des Sciences, 'Evolution of Living Organisms: Evidence for a New Theory of Transformation,' Academic Press: New York NY, 1977, p.88)."
Twisted Attitudes,What inclines me now to think you may be right in regarding [evolution] as the central and radical lie in the whole web of falsehood that now governs our lives is not so much your arguments against it as the fanatical and twisted attitudes of its defenders,Dr. C.S. Lewis,"in letter to Capt. Bernard Acworth of the Evolution Protest Movement, 1951."
Great Cosmogenic Myth,"Ultimately, the Darwinian theory of evolution is no more nor less than the great cosmogenic myth of the twentieth century.",Michael Denton,"'Evolution, A Theory in Crisis' page 358"
"Mostly, They Cheat","Paleontologists are traditionally famous (or infamous) for reconstructing whole animals from the debris of death. Mostly they cheat. ...If any event in life's history resembles man's creation myths, it is this sudden diversification of marine life when multicellular organisms took over as the dominant actors in ecology and evolution. 
    Baffling (and embarrassing) to Darwin, this event still dazzles us and stands as a major biological revolution on a par with the invention of self-replication and the origin of the eukaryotic cell. 
    The animal phyla emerged out of the Precambrian mists with most of the attributes of their modern descendants.",Stefan Bengtson,"'The Solution to a Jigsaw Puzzle' Nature, vol. 345 (June 28, 1990), pp. 765-766) "
Science Sustained,"It is the Christian world which finally gave birth in a clear articulate fashion to the experimental method of science itself... 
    It is surely one of the curious paradoxes of history that science which professionally has little to do with faith, owes its origins to an act of faith that the universe can be rationally interpreted, and that science today is sustained by that assumption.",Loren C. Eiseley,"Professor of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, 'Darwin's Century: Evolution and the Men Who Discovered It,' [1958], Anchor Books: Doubleday & Co: Garden City NY, 1961, reprint, p.62 "
Broken Down Homology,"The older textbooks on evolution make much of the idea of homology, pointing out the obvious resemblances between the skeletons of the limbs of different animals. Thus the 'pentadactyl' [five bone] limb pattern is found in the arm of a man, the wing of a bird, and flipper of a whale, and this is held to indicate their common origin. 
    Now if these various structures were transmitted by the same gene couples, varied from time to time by mutations and acted upon by environmental selection, the theory would make good sense. 
    Unfortunately this is not the case. Homologous organs are now known to be produced by totally different gene complexes in the different species. The concept of homology in terms of similar genes handed on from a common ancestor has broken down.",William Fix,"The Bone Peddlers: Selling Evolution, Macmillan Publishing Co., New York, 1984, p. 189."
Fraught With Uncertainty,"The most reasonable assumption is that life did not start with RNA. 
    The transition to an RNA world, like the origins of life in general, is fraught with uncertainty and is plagued by a lack of experimental data.",Gerald Joyce,"1989. RNA evolution and the origins of life. Nature, 338:217–224."
Flying with 2% of a Wing,"But how do you get from nothing to such an elaborate something if Evolution must proceed through a long sequence of intermediate stages, each favoured by natural selection? 
     
    You can't fly with 2% of a wing ... How, in other words, can natural selection explain these incipient stages of structures that can only be used (as we now observe them) in much more elaborated forms? 
     
    ... one point stands high above the rest: the dilemma of incipient stages. Mivart identified this problem as primary and it remains so today.",Stephen Jay Gould,"Prof of Geology and Palaeontology, Harvard University"
Time Is No Help,"Biomolecules outside a living system tend to degrade with time, not build up. In most cases, a few days is all they would last. Time decomposes complex systems. 
    If a large ‘word’ (a protein) or even a paragraph is generated by chance, time will operate to degrade it. The more time you allow, the less chance there is that fragmentary ‘sense’ will survive the chemical maelstrom of matter.",Michael Pitman,"Adam and Evolution (1984), p. 233."
Darwinism Collapses,"But as a logical theory, Darwinism collapses, because the keystone of the system — selection carried out by death — is an illusion.",Andree Tetry,"Professor, Ecole des Hautes Etudes and Associate Director, School of Advanced Studies (Biology and Ethology), Sorbonne University, France, 'Theories of Evolution,' in Rostand J. & Tetry A., 'Larousse Science of Life: A Study of Biology Sex, Genetics, Heredity and Evolution,' [1962], Hamlyn: London, 1971, p438"
Fruit Flies remain Fruit Flies,"People are misled into believing that since microevolution is a reality, that therefore macroevolution is such a reality also. Evolutionists maintain that over long periods of time small-scale changes accumulate in such a way as to generate new and more complex organisms ... This is sheer illusion, for there is no scientific evidence whatever to support the occurrence of biological change on such a grand scale. 
     
    In spite of all the artificial breeding which has been done, and all the controlled efforts to modify fruit flies, the bacillus escherichia (E-coli), and other organisms, fruit flies remain fruit flies, E-coli bacteria remain E-coli bacteria, roses remain roses, corn remains corn, and human beings remain human beings.",Darrel Kautz,"The Origin of Living Things, p. 6"
Why No Protest?,"To postulate that the development and survival of the fittest is entirely a consequence of chance mutation seems to me a hypothesis based on no evidence and irreconcilable with the facts. 
    These classical evolutionary theories are a gross over-simplification of an immensely complex and intricate mass of facts, and it amazes me that they are swallowed so uncritically and readily, and for such a long time, by so many scientists without a murmur of protest.",Sir Ernest Chain,Co-holder of the 1945 Noble Prize for developing penicillin.
Precision Tuned,"The original 'phase-space volume' [of the universe] requires such ... fine tuning that the Creator's aim must have been [precise] to an accuracy of one part in 1010123. 
     
     One could not possibly even write the number down in full ... [since] it would be a '1' followed by 10123 successive '0's – more zeros than the number of elementary particles in the entire universe. 
     
     Such is the precision needed to set the universe on its course.",Roger Penrose,"Oxford Physicist, The Emperor's New Mind. New York: Oxford, 1989 p.344"
High Order of Nonsense,"Now imagine 1050 blind persons [that’s 100,000 billion billion billion billion billion people—standing shoulder to shoulder, they would more than fill our entire planetary system] each with a scrambled Rubik cube and try to conceive of the chance of them all simultaneously arriving at the solved form. 
    You then have the chance of arriving by random shuffling [random variation] of just one of the many biopolymers on which life depends. The notion that not only the biopolymers but the operating program of a living cell could be arrived at by chance in a primordial soup here on Earth is evidently nonsense of a high order.",Sir Fred Hoyle,Professor of Astronomy at Cambridge University
It's Not About Details,"It is important to understand that evolution relies on religious premises, but it is even more important to understand that evolutionists do not acknowledge this reliance on metaphysical ideas. An unspoken, unscientific position underlies evolution, and until this is understood public debate will continue to be more confusing than enlightening. For a fruitful public debate, we need to understand evolution's foundation. 
     
    We need to understand the metaphysical interpretations that are attached to the scientific observations. We need to understand these things because, ultimately, evolution is not about the scientific details.",C. G. Hunter,"'Darwin's God: Evolution and the Problem of Evil,' Brazos Press: Grand Rapids MI, 2001, p.175)"
Suspicious Barrier,"No one has yet witnessed, in the fossil record, in real life, or in computer life, the exact transitional moments when natural selection pumps its complexity up to the next level. 
    There is a suspicious barrier in the vicinity of species that either holds back this critical change or removes it from our sight.",Kevin Kelly,"Executive Editor of Wired Magazine, 'Out of Control: The New Biology of Machines,' [1994], Fourth Estate: London, 1995, reprint, p.475"
Polymers Don't Qualify,"It is possible to make a more fundamental distinction between living and nonliving things by examining their molecular structure and molecular behavior. In brief, living organisms are distinguished by their specified complexity. 
    Crystals are usually taken as the prototypes of simple, well-specified structures, because they consist of a very large number of identical molecules packed together in a uniform way. 
    Lumps of granite or random mixtures of polymers are examples of structures which are complex but not specified. 
    The crystals fail to qualify as living because they lack complexity; the mixtures of polymers fail to qualify because they lack specificity.",Leslie E. Orgel,"Biochemist and Resident Fellow, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 'The Origins of Life: Molecules and Natural Selection,' Chapman & Hall: London, 1973, p.189. Emphasis in original"
As Negative As I Want To Be,"Courtroom experience during my career at the bar taught me to attach great weight to something that may seem trivial to persons not skilled in argumentation-the burden of proof. 
    The proponents of a theory, in science or elsewhere, are obligated to support every link in the chain of reasoning, whereas a critic or skeptic may peck at any aspect of the theory, testing it for flaws. He is not obligated to set up any theory of his own or to offer any alternative explanations. He can be purely negative if he so desires. 
    The winner in these matters is the skeptic who has no case to prove.",Norman Macbeth,Harvard-trained lawyer
Phony Link,"In spite of the fact that it is undeniably related to the two classes of reptiles and birds (a relation which the anatomy and physiology of actually living specimens demonstrates), we are not even authorized to consider the exceptional case of the Archaeopteryx as a true link. 
    By link, we mean a necessary stage of transition between classes such as reptiles and birds, or between smaller groups. 
    An animal displaying characters belonging to two different groups cannot be treated as a true link as long as the intermediary stages have not been found, and as long as the mechanisms of transition remain unknown.",L. du Nouy,"'Human Destiny,' Longmans, Green & Co: New York NY, 1947, Seventeenth Printing, pp.71-72)"
Intermediate Links?,"Why then is not every geological formation and every stratum full of such intermediate links? 
     
    Geology assuredly does not reveal any such finely graduated organic chain; and this, perhaps is the most obvious and gravest objection which can be urged against my theory.",Charles Robert Darwin,"The Origin of Species: The Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life, 1st edition reprint. Avenel Books"
Nature's Fine-Tuned Numbers,"There is for me powerful evidence that there is something going on behind it all....It seems as though somebody has fine-tuned nature’s numbers to make the Universe.... 
    The impression of design is overwhelming.",Paul Davies,"(British astrophysicist): The Cosmic Blueprint: New Discoveries in Nature's Creative Ability To Order the Universe. 1988. New York: Simon and Schuster, p.203"
What Everybody Knows,"Everybody knows that organisms get better as they evolve. They get more advanced, more modern, and less primitive. And everybody knows that organisms get more complex as they evolve. 
     
    The only trouble with what everyone knows is that there is no evidence it's true.",Dan McShea,Evolutionary biologist at the University of Michigan in 'Complexity and Evolution: What Everybody Knows'
No Evolutionary Theory Needed,"In discussing the power of evolutionary theory, Root-Bernstein says: 'In the absence of evolutionary theories, any chronological ordering of the fossil record would seem to be a possibility, and no means would exist to choose one order over another.'. 
     
    This statement expresses the common misconception that paleontologists arrange fossils in a theoretically reasonable order and then use this order to construct a chronology. In fact, no evolutionary theory at all is required to use fossils for geochronology. The best evidence is that the geological time scale in its modern form was fully developed by about 1840 - before Darwin's Origin of Species. The time scale based on fossils was built by geologists who were creationists. 
     
    Since 1840, many details have been filled in, but the basic sequence has remained unchanged.",David M. Raup,"Professor of Geology, University of Chicago, 'Evolution and the Fossil Record,' Science, Vol. 213, No. 4505, 17 July 1981, p.289"
'Cause we gotta!,"Because there are no alternatives, we would almost have to accept natural selection as the explanation of life on this planet even if there were no evidence for it.",Steven Pinker,"Professor of Psychology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA., 'How the Mind Works,' [1997], Penguin: London, 1998, pp.162-163. Emphasis in the original)"
Where did the moths come from?,"It is now approximately half a century since the neo-Darwinian synthesis was formulated A great deal of research has been carried on within the paradigm it defines. 
    Yet the successes of the theory are limited to the interpretation of the minutiae of evolution, such as the adaptive change in coloration of moths; while it has remarkably little to say on the questions which interest us most, such as how there came to be moths in the first place.",M.W. Ho & P.T. Saunders,"'Beyond neo-Darwinism - An Epigenetic Approach to Evolution,' Journal of Theoretical Biology, Vol. 78, pp.573- 591, 1979, p.589)."
Little Evidence,"We conclude -unexpectedly- that there is little evidence for the neo-Darwinian view: its theoretical foundations and the experimental evidence supporting it are weak, and there is no doubt that mutations of large effect are sometimes important in adaptation.",H. Allen Orr & Jerry A.Coyne,"'Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis' & 'Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago' respectively. 'The Genetics of Adaptation: A Reassessment,' The American Naturalist, Vol. 140, No. 5, November 1992, p.726)"
Conflicting Hypotheses,"Evolution (as theory) is indeed 'a conglomerate idea consisting of conflicting hypotheses', and I and my colleagues teach it as such.",Stephen Jay Gould,"Professor of Zoology and Geology, Harvard University, 'Darwinism Defined: The Difference Between Fact and Theory,' Discover, January 1987, p65)."
Did Darwin Prove His Point?,"I admire, as all biologists must, the immense scientific labours of Charles Darwin and his lifelong, single-hearted devotion to his theory of evolution. I agree that although, as he himself readily admitted, he did not invent the doctrine of organic evolution, or even the idea of natural selection, his arguments, and especially the arguments in The Origin of Species, convinced the world that he had discovered the true explanation of biological diversity, and had shown how the intricate adaptations of living things develop by a simple, inevitable process which even the most simple minded and unlearned can understand. 
     
    But I am not satisfied that Darwin proved his point or that his influence in scientific and public thinking has been beneficial.",W. R. Thompson,"Entomologist and Director of the Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Ottawa, Canada"
No Research Grants,Biologists are simply naive when they talk about experiments designed to test the theory of evolution. It is not testable. They may happen to stumble across facts which would seem to conflict with its predictions. These facts will invariably be ignored and their discoverers will undoubtedly be deprived of continuing research grants.,Professor Whitten,"Professor of Genetics, University of Melbourne, Australia, 1980 Assembly Week address."
Allmighty Chance,"Directed by all-powerful selection, chance becomes a sort of providence, which, under the cover of atheism, is not named but which is secretly worshipped.",Pierre-Paul Grasse,"(1977), Evolution of Living Organisms, Academic Press, New York, N.Y."
Stringently Unthinkable,"A growing number of respectable scientists are defecting from the evolutionist camp ... moreover, for the most part these 'experts' have abandoned Darwinism, not on the basis of religious faith or biblical persuasions, but on scientific grounds, and in some instances, regretfully. 
    The evolutionist thesis has become more stringently unthinkable than ever before.",Wolfgang Smith,Ph.D. physicist and mathematician 
It Takes Intelligence!,"Creationists have looked forward to the day when science may actually create a 'living' thing from simple chemicals. 
    They claim, and rightly so, that even if such a man-made life form could be created, this would not prove that natural life forms were developed by a similar chemical evolutionary process. 
    The scientist understands this and plods on testing theories.",William D. Stansfield,"Professor of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, 'The Science of Evolution,' [1977], Macmillan: New York NY, 1983, Eighth Printing, pp10-11"
Speak For Yourself!,"For my own part I would as soon be descended from that heroic little monkey, who braved his dreaded enemy in order to save the life of his keeper; or from that old baboon, who, descending from the mountains, carried away in triumph his young comrade from a crowd of astonished dogs — as from a savage who delights to torture his enemies, offers up bloody sacrifices, practices infanticide without remorse, treats his wives like slaves, knows no decency, and is haunted by the grossest superstitions.",Charles Darwin,"The Descent of Man, 1871, chapter 21."
Suddenly,"The majority of major groups appear suddenly in the rocks, with virtually no evidence of transition from their ancestors.",D Futuyma,"'Science on Trial: The Case for Evolution', 1983, p. 82"
Nonevidence For Nonevolution?,"Stasis, or nonchange, of most fossil species during their lengthy geological lifespans was tacitly acknowledged by all paleontologists, but almost never studied explicitly because prevailing theory treated stasis as uninteresting nonevidence for nonevolution. 
    The overwhelming prevalence of stasis became an embarrassing feature of the fossil record, best left ignored as a manifestation of nothing (that is, nonevolution).",Stephen J. Gould,"'Cordelia's Dilemma', Natural History, 1993, p. 15"
Something instead of Nothing?,"I find it quite improbable that such order came out of chaos. There has to be some organizing principle. 
    God to me is a mystery but is the explanation for the miracle of existence, why there is something instead of nothing.",Alan Sandage,"(Winner of the Crawford prize in astronomy) J. N. Willford, March 12, 1991. 'Sizing up the Cosmos: An Astronomers Quest'. New York Times, p. B9."
Random Publishing,"It is as if we expected the famous monkeys who inadvertently typed out the plays of Shakespeare, to produce the works of Dante, Racine, Confucius, Tom Wolfe, the Bhagavad Gita and the latest copy of Punch in rapid succession.",G. R. Taylor,"'Great Evolution Mystery', p 184."
There Must Be...,"I think there are clearly religious implications whenever you start to discuss the origins of the universe. There must be religious overtones. But I think most scientists prefer to shy away from the religious side of it. 
    The odds against a universe that has produced life like ours are immense.",Stephen Hawking,'Stephen Hawking's Universe'
Discarded Soft Drink Containers,"In essence, we contend that neo-Darwinism is a theory of differential survival and not one of origin(s). 
    We are certainly not arguing here that differential survival of whole organisms does not occur. This must inevitably happen [i.e. some species become extinct]. 
    The question that we must ask is, does this represent the controlling dynamic of organic evolution? Cannot a similar argument be equally well-constructed to `explain' any frequency distribution? 
    For example, consider rocks which vary in hardness and also persist through time. Clearly the harder rocks are better `adapted' to survive harsh climatic conditions. 
    As Lewontin points out, a similar story can be told about political parties, rumors, jokes, stars, and discarded soft drink containers.",A.J. Hughes and D. Lambert,"'Functionalism, Structuralism, `Ways of Seeing,' ' Journal of Theoretical Biology, 787 (1984), pp. 796-797. "
Faith Unjustified By Works,"What is it [evolution] based upon? Upon nothing whatever but faith, upon belief in the reality of the unseen; belief in the fossils that cannot be produced, belief in the embryological experiments that refuse to come off. 
    It is faith unjustified by works.",Arthur N. Field,
Satisfactory Faith,[The theory of evolution] forms a satisfactory faith on which to base our interpretation of nature.,L. Harrison Matthews,"Introduction to 'Origin of Species: The Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life', p. xxii (1977 edition)."
Large Gaps are Fatal,"We now come to perhaps the most serious of defects in the evolutionary theory (belief) - the complete absence of transitional forms. If life has always been in a continual stream of transmutation from one form to another, as evolutionists insist, then we should certainly expect to find as many fossils of the intermediate stages between different forms as of the distinct kinds themselves. 
     
    Yet, no fossils have been found that can be considered transitional between the major groups or phyla! From the beginning, these organisms were just clearly and distinctly set apart from each other as they are today. Instead of finding a record of fine graduations preserved in the fossil record, we invariably find large gaps. This fact is absolutely FATAL to the general theory (belief) of evolution.",Scott M. Huges. PH.D,
PreCambrian Exploded,"The uranium-lead dating revealed that the [pre-cambrian] explosion had ended about 525 million years ago, tens of millions of years later than many time scales had assumed. If the 570-million-year age for the explosion's beginning were correct, that would have implied a longer evolutionary frenzy than was thought. 
     
    But Bowring and colleagues have now used a different version of uranium-lead dating to determine a dramatically younger age for the beginning of the Cambrian explosion-533 million years or less. That result squeezes the explosion down to a few million years.",R. A. Kerr,"'Evolution's Big Bang Gets Even More Explosive,' Science, Vol. 261, 3 September 1993, pp.1274-1275, p.1274)"
Better Television?,A random change in the highly integrated system of chemical processes which constitute life is certain to impair - just as a random interchange of connections in a television set is not likely to improve the picture.,James F. Crow,"Radiation & mutation specialist. 'Genetic Effects of Radiation' Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, Vol. 14, p. 19-20"
Used Car Business,So heated is the debate that one Darwinian says there are times when he thinks about going into a field with more intellectual honesty: the used-car business.,Sharon Begley,"'Science Contra Darwin,' Newsweek, April 8, 1985, p. 80"
Extravagant Claims,"The salient fact is this: if by evolution we mean macroevolution (as we henceforth shall), then it can be said with the utmost rigor that the doctrine is totally bereft of scientific sanction. Now, to be sure, given the multitude of extravagant claims about evolution promulgated by evolutionists with an air of scientific infallibility, this may indeed sound strange. 
    And yet the fact remains that there exists to this day not a shred of bona fide scientific evidence in support of the thesis that macroevolutionary transformations have ever occurred.",Wolfgang Smith,"Ph.D Mathematics , MS Physics Teilardism and the New Religion. Tan Books and Publishers, Inc."
Unfettered By Inconvenient Facts,"The evolution of the genetic machinery is the step for which there are no laboratory models; hence we can speculate endlessly, unfettered by inconvenient facts.",R. Dickerson,"'Chemical Evolution and the Origin of Life,' Scientific American, September 1978, p. 70."
Rabbits From Sludge,"The old believers said that rabbits had been created by God using methods too wonderful for us to comprehend. The new believers said that rabbits had been created from sludge, by methods too complex for us to calculate and by methods likely enough involving improbable happenings. 
    Improbable happenings replaced miracles and sludge replaced God, with believers both old and new seeking to cover up their ignorance in clouds of words, but different words. 
    It was over the words that passions raged, passions which continue to rumble on in the modern world, passions that one can read about with hilarious satisfaction in the columns of the weekly science magazine Nature and listen to in basso profundo pronouncements from learned scientific societies.",Sir Fredrick Hoyle,"Late Professor of Astronomy, Cambridge University, 'Mathematics of Evolution,' [1987], Acorn Enterprises: Memphis TN, 1999, p.3"
The True Mechanism Of Evolution?,"It has often been claimed, moreover, that these new and momentous findings have at last unearthed the true mechanism of evolution, and that we are presently on the brink of discovering precisely how macroevolution has come about. 
     
    However, the truth of the matter is very much the opposite: now that the actual physical structure of what might be termed the biochemical mainstays of life has come into view, scientists are finding – frequently to their dismay – that the evolutionist thesis has become more stringently unthinkable than ever before. 
     
    On the molecular level, these separations, and this hierarchic order stand out with a mathematical precision which once and for all silences dissent. 
     
    On the fundamental level it becomes a rigorously demonstrable fact that there are no transitional types, and that the so called missing links are indeed non-existent.",Wolfgang Smith Ph.D.,"'Teilhardism and the New Religion'. Tan Books and Publishers, Inc., p. 8"
Not In Accordance With The Facts,"Directed by all-powerful selection, chance becomes a sort of providence, which, under the cover of atheism, is not named but which is secretly worshipped... 
     
    To insist, even with Olympian assurance, that life appeared quite by chance and evolved in this fashion, is an unfounded supposition which I believe to be wrong and not in accordance with the facts.",Pierre-Paul Grasse,"Editor of the 28-volume 'Traite de Zoologie', former Chair of Evolution, Sorbonne University and president of the French Academie des Sciences"
Faith,"In fact, evolution became in a sense a scientific religion; almost all scientists accepted it and many are prepared to 'bend' their observations to fit in with it.",H. J. Lipson,"F.R.S. 'A physicist looks at evolution' Physics Bulletin, vol 31 "
Indistinguishable from a Miracle,"The complexity of the simplest known type of cell is so great that it is impossible to accept that such an object could have been thrown together suddenly by some kind of freakish, vastly improbable, event. Such an occurrence would be indistinguishable from a miracle.",Michael Denton,Molecular Biologist. Evolution: A Theory in Crisis. Adler and Adler.
Who's the Monkey?,"My atheism was greatly shaken. A common sense interpretation of the facts suggests that a superintellect has monkeyed with physics, as well as with chemistry and biology, and that there are no blind forces worth speaking about in nature. 
     
    The numbers one calculates from the facts seem to me so overwhelming as to put this conclusion almost beyond question.",Sir Fredrick Hoyle,'The Universe: Past and Present Reflections' 1982. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics: 20:16. (After calculating the likelihood that carbon would have the precise resonance required for life by chance.)
Calling Names,"It is absolutely safe to say that if you meet somebody who claims not to believe in evolution, that person is ignorant, stupid or insane, or wicked...",Richard Dawkins,"Zoologist and Professor for the Public Understanding of Science, Oxford University, 'Put Your Money on Evolution', Review of Johanson D. & Edey M.A., 'Blueprints: Solving the Mystery of Evolution', in New York Times, April 9, 1989, sec. 7, p34."
No Opinion,"Ask a scientist what he conceives the scientific method to be, and he will adopt an expression that is at once solemn and shifty-eyed; solemn because he feels he ought to declare an opinion; shifty-eyed because he is wondering how to conceal the fact that he has no opinion to declare.",Sir Peter Medawar,"1986 Nobelist for Biology, Theodore Schick, Jr. 'The End of Science', The Skeptical Inquirer, Apr. 97, Pg. 36-39 "
Speculative and Disputed,"The earliest and most primitive members of every order already have the basic ordinal characters, and in no case is an approximately continuous series from one order to another known. 
    In most cases the break is so sharp and the gap so large that the origin of the order is speculative and much disputed.",George Gaylord Simpson,"Temp. and Mode in Evolution (NY: Columbia University Press, 1944), p. 105–106."
Zinjanthropus?,"The entire hominid (the so-called 'ape-man' fossil) collection known today would barely cover a billiard table. 
     
    Ever since Darwin... preconceptions have led evidence by the nose in the study of fossil man.",John Reader,"'Whatever Happened to Zinjanthropus? New Scientist, March 26, pp. 802-805"
No Backbone:,"The fact of evolution is the backbone of biology, and biology is thus in the peculiar position of being a science founded on an unproved theory - is it then a science or a faith? 
    Belief in the theory of evolution is thus exactly parallel to belief in special creation - both are concepts which believers know to be true but neither, up to the present, has been capable of proof.",L. Harrison Matthews,"FRS, Introduction to Darwin's 'The Origin of the Species: The Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life' (London: J.M. Dent & Sons, 1971), p. xi"
No Such Fossil,"Yet Gould and the American Museum people are hard to contradict when they say there are no transitional fossils. As a palaeontologist myself, I am much occupied with the philosophical problems of identifying ancestral forms in the fossil record. 
    You say that I should at least 'show a photo of the fossil from which each type of organism was derived.' 
    I will lay it on the line—there is not one such fossil for which one could make a watertight argument. The reason is that statements about ancestry and descent are not applicable in the fossil record.",Dr. Colin Patterson,"Senior Palaeontologist, British Museum of Natural History, London 'Darwin's Enigma: Fossils and Other Problems,' [1984], Master Book Publishers: El Cajon CA, Fourth Edition, 1988, p89"
It's all Inference!,"The family trees which adorn our text books are based on inference, however, reasonable, not the evidence of fossils.",Stephen Jay Gould," Prof of Geology and Paleontology, Harvard University. 'Evolution's Erratic Pace' Natural History, May, p. 13"
The Obvious Alternative,"The more statistically improbable a thing is, the less we can believe that it just happened by blind chance. 
    Superficially the obvious alternative to chance is an intelligent Designer.",Dr. Richard Dawkins,Department of Zoology Oxford University
We Are HIS Prophet,"We still do not know the mechanics of evolution in spite of the over-confident claims in some quarters, nor are we likely to make further progress in this by the classical methods of paleontology or biology; and we shall certainly not advance matters by jumping up and down shrilling, `Darwin is god and I, So-and-so, am his prophet.'",Errol White,"Proceedings of the Linnean Society, London, 177:8 (1966)."
External Wiring Diagram Needed,"'Organized' systems are to be carefully distinguished from 'ordered' systems. Neither kind of system is 'random'; but whereas ordered systems are generated according to simple algorithms and therefore lack complexity, organized systems must be assembled element by element according to an external 'wiring diagram' with a high information content.",Jeffrey S. Wicken,"Professor of Biochemistry, Pennsylvania State University, 'The Generation of Complexity in Evolution: A Thermodynamic and Information-Theoretical Discussion,' Journal of Theoretical Biology, Vol. 77, April 1979, pp.349-365, p.353"
Circular Dating,"The intelligent layman has long suspected circular reasoning in the use of rocks to date fossils and fossils to date rocks. 
     
    The geologist has never bothered to think of a good reply, feeling the explanations are not worth the trouble as long as the work brings results. This is supposed to be hard-headed pragmatism. 
     
    It cannot be denied that from a strictly philosophical standpoint, geologist are here arguing in a circle. The succession of organisms has been determined by the study of their remains imbedded in the rocks, and the relative ages of the rocks are determined by the remains of organisms they contain.",J.E. O'Rourke,"Evolutionist researcher. 'Pragmatism Versus Materialism in Stratigraphy'. American Journal of Science, p. 48"
Backbone of Biology?,"The fact of evolution is the backbone of biology, and biology is thus in the peculiar position of being a science founded on an unproved theory - is it then a science or a faith? 
    Belief in the theory of evolution is thus exactly parallel to belief in special creation-both are concepts which believers know to be true but neither, up to the present, has been capable of proof.",L.Harrison Matthews,British biologist
Ancient Bats Identical to Modern Bats!,"For use in understanding the evolution of vertebrate flight, the early record of pterosaurs and bats is disappointing: Their most primitive representatives are fully transformed as capable fliers.",Paul C. Sereno,"The evolution of dinosaurs, Science 284(5423):2137–2147 (quote on p. 2143), June 25, 1999"
Who Uses the Fossil Record?,"In any case, no real evolutionist, whether gradualist or punctuationist, uses the fossil record as evidence in favour of the theory of evolution as opposed to special creation.",Mark Ridley,"'Who doubts evolution?', New Scientist, vol. 90, 25 June 1981, p. 831"
It Just Doesn't Make Sense.,"But what kind of mutations could bring about the major changes I have described? Could cause a tube to roll up into a helix? Could cause other tubes to form semi-circular canals accurately set at right angles to each other. Could grade sensory hairs according to length? Could cause the convenient deposit of a crystal in the one place it will register gravity? 
    ...It just doesn't make sense.",Gordon Rattray Taylor,"Former Chief Science Adviser, BBC Television. Commenting about the ear in, 'The Great Evolution Mystery,' Abacus: London, 1983, p106)"
Required: Miraculous Additions,"I would give absolutely nothing for the theory of Natural Selection, if it requires miraculous additions at any one stage of descent...if I were convinced that I required such additions to the theory of natural selection, I would reject it as rubbish.",Charles Darwin,In a letter to the geologist Charles Lyell shortly after publication of 'Origin'
Chicken or the Egg?,"Many investigators now consider nucleic acids to be much more plausible candidates for the first self-replicating molecules. The work of Watson and Crick and others has shown that proteins are formed according to the instructions coded in DNA. 
    But there is a hitch. DNA cannot do its work, including forming more DNA, without the help of catalytic proteins, or enzymes. In short, proteins cannot form without DNA, but neither can DNA form without proteins. 
    To those pondering the origin of life, it is a classic chicken-and-egg problem: Which came first, proteins or DNA?",John Horgan,"Science writer, 'In The Beginning...,' Scientific American, Vol. 264, No. 2, February 1991, pp.100-109, p.103"
Membership Denied!,"What has closed the doors of the Academy to Mr. Darwin is that the science of those of his books which have made his chief title to fame-the 'Origin of Species,' and still more the 'Descent of Man,' is not science, but a mass of assertions and absolutely gratuitous hypotheses, often evidently fallacious. 
    This kind of publication and these theories are a bad example, which a body that respects itself cannot encourage.",,"On why the Zoological Section of the French Institute denied Darwin's membership in 1872. 'Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, D. Appleton and Co., London, 2:400, footnote, 1911'"
Mysterious Matter,"The fossils that decorate our family tree are so scarce that there are still more scientists than specimens. The remarkable fact is that all the physical evidence we have for human evolution can still be placed, with room to spare, inside a single coffin. 
     
    Modern apes, for instance, seem to have sprung out of nowhere. They have no yesterday, no fossil record. And the true origin of modern humans – of upright, naked, tool-making, big-brained beings – is, to be honest with ourselves, an equally mysterious matter.",Dr. Lyall Watson,"'The Water People'. Science Digest, p 44"
Close the Door!,"We take the side of science in spite of the patent absurdity of some of its constructs, in spite of its failure to fulfill many of its extravagant promises of health and life, in spite of the tolerance of the scientific community for unsubstantiated just-so stories, because we have a prior commitment, a commitment to materialism. 
     
     It is not that the methods and institutions of science somehow compel us to accept a material explanation of the phenomenal world, but, on the contrary, that we are forced by our a priori adherence to material causes to create an apparatus of investigation and a set of concepts that produce material explanations, no matter how counter-intuitive, no matter how mystifying to the uninitiated. Moreover, that materialism is an absolute, for we cannot allow a Divine Foot in the door.",Richard Lewontin,"Professor. 'The New York Review', January 9, 1997, p. 31 (Emphasis in original.)"
It's Missing!,Evolutionary scientists know everything about the missing link except the fact that it is missing.,G.K. Chesterton,"Writer, philosopher"